A: Anthrax toxin: It is a tripartite exotoxin, composed of three sub units: These fragments are not toxic individually, but in combination, they produce local edema and generalized shock. Mechanisms of bacteria to survive intracellular killing: 1) Evade killing by professional phagocytes - M.tuberculosis inhibits phagosome lysosome fusion, Listeria escapes phagosome prior to fusion, Lipid A (N meningitidis overproduces outer membrane fragments and are toxic). What is the food source of S aureus infection? Salmonella typhi and other species - virulence factor? What is the function and chemical composition of Periplasm? G: Condoms, erythromycin eye ointment for neonatal blindness, Meningococcemia with petechial haemorrhage and gangrene of toes. Why are Aminoglycosides ineffective against anaerobes? Infect B cell via CD 21. atypical lymphocytes on profile blood smear - not infected B cells but reactive cytotoxic T cells. Minor changes based on random mutation in hemagglutinin or neuraminidase genes. Pyrrolidonyl Arylamidase (PYR) Tests for.... Group A beta-hemolytic Streptococci (pyogenes), 2 forms of clinical manifestations for bacillus anthracis, Cutaneous: painless papule surrounded by vesicles --> ulcer with black eschar --> uncommonly progresses to bacteraemia and death, Spores survive cooking rice, keeping rice warm results in germination of spores and enterotoxin formation, Toxin A - enterotoxin, binds to brush border of gut and alters fluid secretion. • Hypersensitivity response associated with asthma and cystic fibrosis - may cause bronchietasis and eosinophilia, Small oval yeast within macrophages (smaller than RBCs). What are the different serotypes of Chlamydia trachomatis? Quizlet will be unavailable from 4-5 PM PT. Professor and Microbiologist at Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Nepal.
E coli - Virulence factor and the infections it causes: Fimbriae - cystitis and pyelonephritis (P-pili), Mechanism: Microbe *I*nvades intestinal mucosa and causes necrosis and, Mechanism: Produce heat labile and heat stable enterotoxin - no inflammation or invasion, Mechanism: no toxins, adheres to apical surface, flattens villi, prevents absorption, Mechanism: shiga-like toxin causes hemolytic uremic syndrome, What is the most common serotype of Entero, Triad of anaemia, thrombocytopenia, acute renal failure due to microthrombi forming on damaged endothelium, Lobar pneumonia in alcoholics and diabetes when aspirated. (Bacterial genetics), F+ plasmid contains genes required for sex pilus and conjugation, What is Hfr x F- conjugation? What is the function and chemical composition of Pilus / Fimbria? It is one of the most common agents of bioterrorism which was implicated previously in Sverdlovsk anthrax outbreak in 1979 and US postal system attack in 2001. Your IP: 154.119.36.18 Virulence factor of mycobacterium Cord factor - in M tuberculosis strain - activates macrophages thereby promoting granuloma formation and induces release of TNF α, creates the serpentine cord growth appearance. Mycobacterium tuberculosis contains five resuscitation-promoting factor (Rpf)-like proteins, RpfA-E, that are implicated in resuscitation of this organism from dormancy via a mechanism involving hydrolysis of the peptidoglycan by Rpfs and partnering proteins. The choice of the sample depends on the type of anthrax and clinical presentations. Virons bring its own RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. How do you differentiate between the Staphylococcus and Streptococcus? 1) Can use urea breath test or fecal antigen test for diagnosis.
Are most RNA viruses double stranded or single stranded? What is the difference in heat stability between exotoxin and endotoxin? It is the critical process in creating plasmids which multiple antiiotic resistance that can be transferred across species line. What is the special medium required to grow Enteric bacteria, Eosin methylene blue - green metallic sheen (E coli), What is the special medium required to grow Enteric pathogens, What is the special medium required to grow Vibrio cholera, Thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose agar, What is the special medium required to grow Legionella, Charcoal-yeast extract agar (buffered with cysteine and iron).
Rubella, western and eastern equine encephalitis, Chikungunya. Which spirochete can be visualised under microscopy? What is the role of sulfatides in mycobacteria? Medusa head appearance: When colonies are viewed under a low power microscope, the edge of the colony which is composed of long interlacing chains of bacilli, appears as locks of matted hair. What is unique to gram negative organisms? Classic patient cohort with leptospirosis? When do you use HIV genotyping in treatment? Croptococcosis, cryptococcal meningitis, cryptococcal encephalitis (soap bubble lesions in brain), Amphotericin B + Flucytosine followed by fluconazole for meningitis, 5-10micrometer with narrow buddling, heavily encapsulated yeast, not dimorphic, Morphology of Mucorales and Rhizopus species. What does it grow? Thayer-Martin agar contains antibodies that select growth of Neisseria. What is the toxin and mode of action for EHEC. There are four factors that determine the probability of transmission of . Both humans and animals acquire anthrax infection by ingestion, inhalation or traumatic inoculation of spores of Bacillus anthracis. risk factors lack of vaccination; travel to endemic areas; Pathogenesis all paramyxoviruses contain the F (fusion) protein can induce cell-to-cell fusion, creating multi-nucleated giant cells; helps mediate virus and cell membrane fusion, ultimately resulting in infection of the host cell What bacteria are immunocompromised patients susceptible to cause pneumonia? Severe form of leptospirosis, = icterohemorrhagic leptospirosis. Blood sucking lice, cause intense pruritus associated with excoriations, commonly on scalp and neck (Head lice), wasitband and axilla (body lice). How does pertussis resemble a viral infection? To isolate Bacillus anthracis from environmental samples, heat or alcohol shock should be given before plating on culture media. Cord factor - in M tuberculosis strain - activates macrophages thereby promoting granuloma formation and induces release of TNF α, creates the serpentine cord growth appearance. How is Neisseria gonorrhoea and meningitidis transmitted? How do you differentiate between salmonella and shigella? Once a major cause of illness and death among children, diphtheria became a rare disease after the administration of vaccination. lymphocytic infiltrate resulting from an immune response in bordetella pertussis infection resembles viral infection. How do you differentiate between the Staphylococci species? If you are at an office or shared network, you can ask the network administrator to run a scan across the network looking for misconfigured or infected devices.
a long chain of gram-positive bacilli with non-bulging spores (appear as empty space). Caseating granuloma with central necrosis and Langerhans giant cell, Skin and superficial nerves - gloves and stocking loss of sensation, 1) *L*epromatous: Diffusely over the skin, with leonine facies (lion like), *communicable* (high bacterial load), characterised by low cell mediated immunity with humoral Th2 response.
Hyaluronic acid capsule and M protein inhibits phagocytosis. Chlamydia cell wall lacks classic peptidoglycan. Encapsulated - no virulence without capsule! Viridans streptococci including strep mutans.
Name the important diagnostic tests for each period of HBV infection, Reverse transcriptase, aspartate protease, integrase. M. tuberculosis (Table 2.1). The spores are dormant forms that are found in the soil or in contaminated animal products (e.g., hair or animal hides).
What are the common infections in HIV patients with CD4 count <500? Forms rocket tails via actin polymerisation that allows intracellular movement and cell to cell spread across membranes, thereby avoiding antibody, Pulmonary infections in immunocompromised patients, oral/facial abscesses that drain through sinus tracts.
List of Lactose-fermenting enteric bacteria. What is the function and chemical composition of plasmid? What does E coli produce to break down lactose? Name 4 examples of biofilm producing bacteria, S epidermidis - catheter and prosthetic device infection. These forms are: Despite its publicity as a potential agent of biologic warfare, B. anthracis is not highly contagious, so BSL 2 practices, containment equipment and facilities are appropriate for diagnostic tests. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). How to remember treatment of Nocardia and Actinomyces? Organisms associated with decubitus ulcers, surgical wounds, drains, S aureus, gram negative anaerobes (bacteroides, prevotella, fusobacterium). Copyright © 2020 | MH Magazine WordPress Theme by MH Themes. Borrelia recurrentis - recurrent due to variable surface antigen. What is the significance in transposition? Growth occurs as inverted fir tree appearance (due to liquefaction of gelatin which occurs maximum at the surface, and then slows down towards the bottom).
What is the function and chemical composition of Plasma membrane? What is the special medium required to grow B. pertussis? • name the 3 toxins produced by bordetella pertussis. hepatitis D virus requires presence of replicating hepatitis B virus to supply HBsAg, envelop protein for HBV. 1) Clue cells = vaginal epithelial cells covered with Gardnerella. Multinucleated trophozoites or cysts in stool - diagnosis? Monomorphic septate hyphae, branches at 45degrees (ACUTE ANGLE), Clinical manifestations of aspergillus infection. Salmonella typhi and other species - reservoirs, Salmonella typhi and other species - spread. What are the extra-hepatic manifestations of HCV? Anthrax is primarily a disease of wild and domestic herbivorous mammals. Pseudomonas, S aureus, S pnemoniae, Burkholderia cepacia. Which 5 toxins are encoded in a lysogenic phage? How do you differentiate between gram negative comma shaped rods? I am working as an Asst.
when segments of human flu A virus reassert with swine flu A virus. Order in decreasing severity / less toxin produced. How to distinguish between Ehrlichiosis and Anaplasmosis on histology? Conjugate vaccines contain polysaccharide capsule antigens that are conjugated to a carrier protein. Flu-like syndrome (fever, chills, headache, myalgia) after antibiotics are started, due to killed bacteria releasing toxins - usually spirochetes. Aseptic meningitis, herpangina (mouth blisters, fever), hand foot and mouth disease, myocarditis, pericarditis.
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