Abu Sufyan's hopes of a swift and decisive victory over the Muslims lay in him. [10], The final army that would defend the city from the invasion consisted of 3,000 men,[19] and included all inhabitants of Medina over the age of 14, except the Banu Qurayza (the Qurayza did supply the Muslims with some instruments for digging the trench).
Quran describes the situation in surah Al-Ahzab: Behold! Watt conjectures that the Meccans at this point began to contemplate that conversion to Islam would be the most prudent option.[4]. Although the original work is lost, portions of it survive in the recensions of Ibn Hisham and Al-Tabari. The Qurayza should thus demand Confederate leaders as hostages in return for cooperation. [31], Scholars argue that Muhammad had already decided upon this judgment before the Qurayza's surrender, and that Sa'ad was putting his allegiance to the Muslim community above that to his tribe.
Behold! The negotiations were broken off. [50] The Meccans had exerted their utmost strength to dislodge Muhammad from Medina, and this defeat caused them to lose their trade with Syria and much of their prestige with it. And it only added to their faith and their zeal in obedience. [10], As they had in the battles of Badr and Uhud, the Muslim army again used strategic methods against their opponents (at Badr, the Muslims surrounded the wells, but did not deprive their opponents of water since Ali did not want to follow the footsteps of the Meccan army; at the Battle of Uhud, Muslims made strategic use of the hills). [8] Although the Muslims neither won nor were defeated at the Battle of Uhud, their military strength was gradually growing. besieged the area of the Banu Qurayza tribe, Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 21 (Part 21): Al-Ankaboot 46 to Al-Ahzab 30 2nd Edition, A Life of Mahomet and History of Islam to the Era of the Hegira, A Restatement of the History of Islam and Muslims;The Battle of the Trench, ibn Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib ibn Hashim, Current Ummah of Islam (Ummah of Muhammad), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Trench&oldid=981960316, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Persian-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2020, Saudi Arabia articles missing geocoordinate data, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Huyayy was taken aback, and Abu Sufyan branded him as a "traitor".
"Why?" Failure of siege; decisive Muslim victory.
To verify these reports, he came to Medina. Women and children were moved to the inner city. The Battle of Basra (the battle of Camel), The Change of Capital from Medina to Kufa, The Death of Malik al-Ashtar and the Loss of Egypt, Ali and the Ideals of Freedom and Liberty, A Restatement of the History of Islam and Muslims. But there were a few, in fact very few, men whom Muhammad himself acknowledged as his friends.
Ammara bin Shihab Ansari, the governor - designate of Kufa. They numbered nearly eight hundred fighters. After consulting, the Confederate leaders sent Ikrimah to the Qurayza, signalling a united invasion of Medina. Therefore go back” and a band of them asked for leave of the Prophet saying, “truly our houses are bare and exposed.” Though they were not exposed: they intended nothing but to run away.
This went on until the Apostle made an end of them. 1. 4. Then they went to the Ghatafan tribe with the same call, and they responded too. In six days the trench was dug, just in time to prevent the invaders from taking the town by assault.
in 5 A.H. (A.D. 627), Hajj (pilgrimage to Makkah) was made mandatory for all those Muslims who were in good financial standing and were in good physical health.
Islam had, in fact, resiled from its reverse at Uhud, and within an astonishingly short time, had reestablished its authority in Medina and the surrounding areas. It was a custom in Arabian warfare to rob a vanquished foe of his weapons, his armor and his horse.
A book and a decree, and massacre have been written against the Sons of Israel.' 2.If the enemy did not accept Ali's invitation to accept Islam, he advised him to withdraw from the battle, and not to fight against God and His Messenger. [33] According to Ibn Ishaq, the situation became serious and fear was everywhere.[35]. Muhammad then resorted to tactics unfamiliar to the Arabs, who were accustomed to brief, isolated raids. He boldly advanced into the Muslim camp, and challenged the heroes of Islam to come out and fight against him in the classical Arabian tradition of duels.
The siege was a "battle of wits", in which the Muslims tactically overcame their opponents while suffering very few casualties. [11][34], The Bedouins, the Ghatafan, and other Confederates from Najd had already been compromised by Muhammad's negotiations.
The idea was the trench which immobilized the Makkan cavalry. For in March 627 CE Abu Sufyan, chief of the powerful Quraysh tribe of Mecca, marched at the head of 10,000 men to destroy the heavily outnumbered Muslim community in Medina and kill its leader and founder, the Prophet Muhammad, in what would become known as the battle …
Every capable Muslim in Medina including Muhammad contributed to digging the massive trench in six days. [4] One reason cited by some for such punishment is that Muhammad's previous clemency towards defeated foes was in contradiction to Arab and Jewish laws of the time, and was seen as a sign of weakness. [23], The Quraysh veterans grew impatient with the deadlock. Abdullah bin Abu Aufa reported: He was born and brought up in Persia (Iran) but had spent many years in Syria and Palestine, and he had familiarity with the warfare and the siege operations of both the Persians and the Romans. They promised that they would give them help and support, and Quraysh agreed to that. They had their backs towards (the mountain of) Sal` and were facing the enemy, and the ditch, in which there was no water, was between the two groups, preventing the cavalry and infantry from reaching them. With great fanfare and aplomb, this formidable force left Makkah in February 627 to capture Medina and to obliterate Islam. They came on you from above you and from below you, and behold, the eyes became dim and the hearts gaped to the throats, and you imagined various (vain) thoughts about God! Heck, Gene W. "Arabia Without Spices: An Alternate Hypothesis", in: Mother Abiona or Amtelai the daughter of Karnebo, Slayers of Saleh's she-camel (Qaddar ibn Salif and Musda' ibn Dahr). Kister, "The Massacre of the Banu Quraiza", p. 93f. The two heroes identified themselves, and sized up each other. Food was running short, and nights were colder. The Nadir enlisted the Banu Ghatafan by paying them half of their harvest.
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Ali had a set of principles which he applied in all situations whether of war or of peace. The Muslims were so few in number and so poor in equipment that they could not meet the invading force on the open ground. A Mosque in the area of Medina, possibly: This page was last edited on 5 October 2020, at 11:49. And if an entry had been effected to them from the sides of the (city), and they had been incited to sedition, they would certainly have brought it to pass, with none but a brief delay! The Muslim camp, however, was sheltered from such winds.
Sahih al-Bukhari, 1:8:452, The Sahih al-Bukhari collection also mentions that after the battle, Muslims were to carry out offensive attacks against their enemies:[51], On the day of Al-Ahzab (i.e. [20], The siege of Medina began in January 627 and lasted for 20 nights. Sa'ad, who would later die of his wounds from the battle, decreed the sentence, in which the men shall be killed and women and children enslaved. Now Ali alone is left with me. The Al-Islam.org site and the DILP are entirely supported by individual donors and well wishers.
[32], Muhammad sent three leading Muslims to bring him details of the recent developments. [23], The Confederates attempted several simultaneous attacks, in particular by trying to persuade the Banu Qurayza to attack the Muslims from the south. The confederates were forced to withdraw in a state of panic and confusion. Huyayy ibn Akhtab, along with other leaders from Khaybar, travelled to swear allegiance with Safwam ibn Umayya at Mecca. they came on you from above you and from below you, and behold, the eyes became dim and the hearts gaped up to the throats, and ye imagined various (vain) thoughts about Allah! They were: 1.Ali presented Islam to his opponent. The whole was a battle of wits in which Muslims had the best of it; without cost to themselves they weakened the enemy and increased the dissension. As Ali went to fight Amr ibn Abd Wudd, Muhammad said about Ali, "He is the embodiment of all Faith who is going to an encounter with the embodiment of all Unbelief. As a consequence, the Muslim army besieged the area of the Banu Qurayza tribe, leading to their surrender.
The Battle of the Trench (Arabic: غزوة الخندق, romanized: Ghazwat al-Khandaq), also known as the Battle of Khandaq (Arabic: معركة خندق, romanized: Ma’rakah al-Khandaq) and the Battle of the Confederates (Arabic: غزوة الاحزاب, romanized: Ghazwat al-Ahzab), was a 27-day-long defence by Muslims of Yathrib (now Medina) from Arab and Jewish tribes. Huyay bin Akhtab An-Nadari went to them and kept trying to persuade them until they broke the treaty and went over to the side of the Confederates against the Messenger of Allah . [47][48], As part of his share of the spoils, Muhammad selected one of the women, Rayhana, for himself and took her as part of his booty. Muhammad also tried, with limited success, to break up many alliances against the Muslim expansion. The Prophet of Islam had no choice now but to allow his cousin, Ali, the Lion of Islam, to go and to silence the taunts and the jibes of Amr ibn Abd Wudd.
They knew that if they could kill Muhammad, their interests would be safeguarded, and their hegemony would be restored in Arabia.
Dr. M. Sa’id Ramadan Al-Buti – "Jurisprudence of Muhammad’s Biography", p. 73, English edition, published by Azhar University of Egypt (1988). [46], The spoils of battle, including the enslaved women and children of the tribe, were divided up among the Muslims that had participated in the siege and among the emigrees from Mecca (who had hitherto depended on the help of the Muslims native to Medina.
823).[52]. Although the Ghatafan demanded half, they eventually agreed to negotiating with Muhammad on those terms.
If they had succeeded in establishing a bridgehead over the trench, the whole Makkan cavalry and infantry, and the irregular freebooters would have entered the city and captured it.
Heck, "Arabia Without Spices: An Alternate Hypothesis", pp. He rallied, and then struck a counter-blow with the famous Dhu'l-Fiqar, and it cleft the most formidable warrior of Arabia into two!
What is coming from you to us?" Ditch, Battle of the, Medina, Saudi Arabia, 627 Please provide your name, email, and your suggestion so that we can begin assessing any terminology changes. He had, in fact, volunteered to accept Amr's very first challenge but the Prophet had restrained him, hoping that someone else might like to face him (Amr).
During the night the Confederate armies withdrew, and by morning the ground was cleared of all enemy forces.
Since sieges were uncommon in Arabian warfare, the arriving Confederates were unprepared to deal with the trenches dug by the Muslims. For days the weather had been exceptionally cold and wet.
When his first glance fell on the face of the Prophet, he exclaimed: “This cannot be the face of a man who has ever told a lie,” and he forthwith accepted Islam.
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