In ancient Roman society, "a Roman's house was perceived as an extension of the self, signalling to divine protectors and social and genealogical status to the world outside. Caracalla next showed considerable cruelty in ordering many of Geta’s friends and associates put to death. In actual practice however it is unlikely that such complete success was possible except in cases where the individual in question was of limited contemporary notability, as even comprehensive obliteration of the person's existence and actions in records and the like would continue to be historically visible without extensive reworking. The two brothers fought a battle in which Geta was killed and Bassianus succeeded to the throne. The campaign against the Alemanni was only a limited success. Geta however would not accept such attempts. In AD 203-4 he visited his ancestral north Africa with his father and brother. It is not known what precisely occurred next in Alexandria, but somehow Caracalla grew enraged.
According to Aurelius Victor in his Epitome de Caesaribus, the agnomen "Caracalla" refers to a Gallic cloak that Caracalla adopted as a personal fashion, which spread to his army and his court. This however seems very unlikely. Difficulties in implementation also arose if there was not full and enduring agreement with the punishment, such as when the senate's condemnation of Nero was implemented – leading to attacks on many of his statues[5] – but subsequently evaded with the enormous funeral he was given by Vitellius. It was at this point that the emperor began to have delusions of being Alexander the Great. Even at the circus games, they publicly backed different factions. ANTONINVS AVGVSTVS, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust of Caracalla right / P SEPT GETA CAES PONT, bare-headed, draped and cuirassed bust of Geta right, seen from behind. Had Severus been very popular with the military, Geta’s star might have been on the rise with them, as the generals believed to detect their old commander in him.
However the attempt clearly failed. Memory palaces provided an aid for remembering certain key ideas. Internally it was lavishly decorated with gold-trimmed marble floors, columns, mosaics and colossal statuary. [10], Looking at cases of damnatio memoriae in modern Irish history, Guy Beiner has argued that iconoclastic vandalism entails subtle expressions of ambiguous remembrance and that, rather than effacing memory, such acts of decommemorating effectively preserve memory in obscure forms. : RIC 281b, C 359. At the age of seven, his name was changed to Marcus Aurelius Septimius Bassianus Antoninus to create a connection to the family of the philosopher emperor Marcus Aurelius. The remains of the Baths of Caracalla are still one of the major tourist attractions of the Italian capital.
Gathering an army as he passed through the military provinces along the Danube, he reached Asia Minor at the head of a large army.
On the coins the older brother Caracalla was however shown with laureate since becoming Augustus in 197 while Geta is bareheaded until himself becoming Augustus in 209. Other emeprors would have paid dearly for such a settlement. [11][12], practice of excluding and removing details about a person from official records and accounts, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Finding Nero: shining a new light on Romano-British sculpture", "Ukraine has removed all 1,320 statues of Lenin", "Infamous Benedict Arnold finally gets some respect", "Damnatio Memoriae in China: Zhao Ziyang Is Laid to Rest", Obsessive–compulsive personality disorder, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Damnatio_memoriae&oldid=982642550, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from May 2020, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 9 October 2020, at 12:28. Neither would his mother Julia Domna. With the Caledonian campaign at an end the two then headed back for Rome with the ashes of their father. [23] Especially between 209 and their father's death in February 211 both brothers are shown as mature young men, ready to take over the empire. Caracalla was present and was then proclaimed emperor by the troops along with his brother Publius Septimius Antoninus Geta. Caracalla though knew how to win their favour. [14] At the time aliens did not have to pay most taxes that were required of citizens, so although nominally Caracalla was elevating their legal status, he was more importantly expanding the Roman tax base. The guard stuck a knife into Caracalla while he was relieving his bowels, then tried to escape on horseback; but another of Caracalla's guards nailed him with a javelin.
And felt such hostility towards each other, that it bordered on outright hatred. The Romans, who viewed it as a punishment worse than death, adopted this practice. Between the death of the father and the assassination of Geta towards the end of 211 Caracalla's portrait remains static with a short full beard, while Geta develops a long beard with hair strains like his father, a strong indicator for the effort to be seen as the "true" successor to their father.
Plautianus had already been executed for alleged treachery against emperor Severus in 205. Geta would take the east, establishing his capital at Antioch or Alexandria, and Caracalla would remain in Rome. According to historian Cassius Dio, over 20,000 people were killed.
The thereafter ongoing conflict and skirmishes became known as the Parthian war of Caracalla.[16]. However harsh, Caracalla’s reign should not only be known for its cruelty. [2] The eldest son of Septimius Severus, he reigned jointly with his father from 198 until Severus' death in 211. Walters Art Museum, Baltimore. Provincials, on the other hand, were usually non-citizens, although many held the Latin Right. More so, each emperor surrounded himself with a large personal bodyguard.
[8] Various other Revolutionary War monuments either omit his name or, in the case of West Point, anonymously list only his rank and date of birth. He left the capital in 213, about a year after the murder of Geta, and spent the rest of his reign in the provinces, particularly those of the East.
Evidently their father intended them to rule the empire together.
The eldest son of Septimius Severus, he reigned jointly with his father from 198 until Severus' death in 211. For a short time he then ruled jointly with his younger brother Geta until he had him murdered later in 211. On the other hand, Geta was the more literate of the two, often surrounded by writers and intellects. Then in AD 213 CAracalla went north to the Rhine to deal with the Alemanni who were once more causing trouble in the Agri Decumates, the territory covering the springs of the Danube and Rhine. Such initial attempts at ruling alone were clearly meant to signify that Caracalla ruled, whereas Geta was emperor purely by name (a little like emperors Marcus Aurelius and Verus had done earlier). Most likely though she realized, that this proposal would lead to outright civil war between east and west. With these he now attacked Parthia, which was preoccupied with a bloody civil war. His official portraiture as sole emperor marks a break with the detached images of the philosopher–emperors who preceded him: his close-cropped haircut is that of a soldier, his pugnacious scowl a realistic and threatening presence. The brothers though should have a problem following the first point of that advice.
This fact alone hindered cooperation between them.
[23], Geoffrey of Monmouth's legendary History of the Kings of Britain makes Caracalla a king of Britain, referring to him by his actual name "Bassianus", rather than the nickname Caracalla.
Images of the young Caracalla cannot be well distinguished from his younger brother Geta. Everyman's Smaller Classical Dictionary, 1910, p.31, Lethart, P. "Defending Constantine the Twilight of an Empire and the Dawn of Christendom", pg 35, Andreas Pangerl: Porträttypen des Caracalla und des Geta auf Römischen Reichsprägungen - Definition eines neuen Caesartyps des Caracalla und eines neuen Augustustyps des Geta; Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt des RGZM Mainz 43, 2013, 1, 99-116, People of the American Civil War by state, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2014, Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia, Characters in works by Geoffrey of Monmouth, Roman emperors murdered by the Praetorian Guard, Tulane University "Roman Currency of the Principate", http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/78*.html, Metropolitan Museum of Art: Portrait head of the Emperor Caracalla".
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