Longstreet, obsessed with the possibility of a Union attack further to the southwest, had failed to properly scout Hooker's advance. Relatively few night engagements occurred during the Civil War; Wauhatchie is one of the most significant. However, by now Bratton had discovered just how big a force he was attacking, and Jenkins had decided to pull back. At the time the cracker line was opened, James Longstreet was in command of the forces on Lookout Mountain. Meanwhile, Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker marched with three divisions from Bridgeport by following the railroad via Shellmound and the Running Water Creek gorge. After the Union surprise landing, Oates attempted a counterattack with his scratch force, but it failed after he was seriously wounded. Heavy fighting followed as Howard’s men attempted to clear these hills. Due to a command mixup, Oates did not know where three reserve regiments were positioned.
Law had Brig. A minor battle during the siege of Chattanooga (American Civil War). Bratton’s command had suffered 31 killed 286 wounded and 39 missing, by far the highest number of casualties amongst the units engaged on the Confederate side. Jenkins’ own brigade, now commanded by Colonel John Bratton, launched a night attack on Geary’s camp. After defeat at Chickamauga (19-20 September), a Union army had become besieged in Chattanooga. Part of the Federal response was to put U. S. Grant in charge of the war in the west. Coordinates: 35°00′07″N 85°22′48″W / 35.002°N 85.380°W / 35.002; -85.380, List of Confederate Regular Army officers, Battles of the Tennessee River Reopening of the American Civil War, Battles of the Main Western Theater of the American Civil War, Union victories of the American Civil War, https://civilwar.wikia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Wauhatchie?oldid=4628.
Gen. William F. "Baldy" Smith, Chief Engineer of the Military Division of the Mississippi, who conceived the overall Cracker Line plan, was assigned the task of establishing the Brown's Ferry bridgehead. [5] In truth, the Hampton Legion was disordered by the mules for only a short time. His first priority was to raise the siege of Chattanooga and rescue the Army of the Cumberland. While the main force moved north to Brown’s Ferry, Geary’s division (of three brigades) remained at Wauhatchie to secure the line.
One account says Bratton lost 408 men while Law lost only 52.[3]. [2] Worse, Geary's division, only 1,500-strong after detaching railroad guards, was posted in isolation. Just as his men left their entrenchments, Smith's men spilled over them, capturing some stragglers and scattering a regiment that failed to get the order to retreat. The Battle of Wauhatchie was fought October 28–29, 1863, in Hamilton and Marion Counties, Tennessee, and Dade County, Georgia, in the American Civil War.
- Cookies. Hearing the sounds of battle, the XI Corps quickly fell into ranks near Brown's Ferry. Longstreet’s attention was still much further south, where he expected them main Union force to appear. In the confusion, Brig. His first priority was to raise the siege of Chattanooga and rescue the Army of the Cumberland. ウォーハッチーの戦い （ウォーハッチーのたたかい、 英: Battle of Wauhatchie ）は、 南北戦争 3年目の 1863年 10月28日 と29日、 テネシー州 ハミルトン郡 と マリオン郡 、および ジョージア州 デイド郡 で起きた戦闘である。 Turchin's brigade took a position on Moccasin Bend across from Brown's Ferry. Gen. John W. Geary's division at Wauhatchie Station, a stop on the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad, to protect the line of communications to the southwest as well as the road west to Kelley's Ferry. At Wauhatchie we find Hood’s Division.
The Confederate lines were pulled back to Lookout Creek, where they remained until 24 November (battle of Lookout Mountain).
His first problem was the long diversion through the mountains north of the Tennessee River that all supplies had to follow. On 27 October he had written to Bragg’s headquarters querying an order to occupy the mountain. Hooker, while his force passed through Lookout Valley on October 28, detached Brig. He ordered Brig.
Gen. Jerome B. Robertson's brigades to block Hooker from reinforcing Geary, Jenkins's own 1,800-man[3] South Carolina brigade, led by Col. John Bratton would assault Wauhatchie Station. Gen. John B. Turchin and the 2nd under Brig.
The Battle of Wauhatchie, or The Charge Of The Mule Brigade Wauhatchie (Lookout Valley, Brown's Ferry), 28-9 October. To stop this effort, Lt. Gen. James Longstreet launched a rare night attack aimed at a small Union … [6], Union losses in the battle were 78 killed, 327 wounded, and 15 missing. He was assigned two infantry brigades from the 3rd Division, IV Corps, to accomplish this: the 1st Brigade under Brig. Accordingly, soon after reaching Chattanooga he approved a plan that had been developed by General W. F. Smith for opening a new supply route to the nearest railroad in Federal control at Bridgeport. At that point there was no Confederate infantry on the mountain, but Longstreet was going to send one brigade there the next day. In the Wauhatchie fight, Bratton lost 356 men while Geary's casualties numbered 216. Gen. Adolph von Steinwehr got his division on the road first.
Federal losses were around 420 killed and wounded. General James Longstreet ordered …
His intention was for them to guard the road, and capture any Federal stragglers.
Geary's men continued to hold fast, though they began to run low on ammunition. Hooker bypassed Maj. Gen. Oliver Otis Howard in the chain of command and ordered Maj. Gen. Carl Schurz to march to Wauhatchie Station as reinforcements. The engagement at Wauhatchie provides a great example of the sort of confusion that can arise from the Confederate habit of retaining the first name given to any unit.
Confederate troops launched raids on all supply wagons heading toward Chattanooga, which made it necessary for the Union to find another way to feed their men. Just as Bratton began to sense victory, he received a note to retreat since Union reinforcements were arriving in his rear. Gen. William B. Hazen. In the darkness, the only unit in direct contact with Law was Smith's 700-man brigade. Longstreet himself was soon dispatched to Knoxville in an attempt to recapture the town, and missed the rest of the Chattanooga campaign.
Gen. Evander M. Law turned up with the reserve regiments, it was too late; the Federals were too numerous and well entrenched.[1]. At 3:00 a.m. on October 27, portions of Hazen's brigade embarked upon pontoons and floated around Moccasin Bend to Brown's Ferry. This new route cut through a pass in Racoon Mountain, reaching Lookout Valley close to Wauhatchie, and then ran north to Brown’s Ferry on the Tennessee, where a pontoon bridge took the supplies on to the north bank of the Tennessee, firmly in Union hands. ウォーハッチーの戦い（ウォーハッチーのたたかい、英: Battle of Wauhatchie）は、南北戦争3年目の1863年10月28日と29日、テネシー州ハミルトン郡とマリオン郡、およびジョージア州デイド郡で起きた戦闘である。北軍はテネシー川のブラウン渡しを確保し、チャタヌーガにいる北軍部隊への供給線を開いた。南軍は渡し場を守る北軍を排除して、再度供給線を止めようとしたが、敗北した。ウォーハッチーは南北戦争の中でも数少ない夜戦の1つである。, ウィリアム・ローズクランズ少将が指揮する北軍はチカマウガの戦いで大敗を喫した後、テネシー州チャタヌーガに後退した。南軍のブラクストン・ブラッグ将軍指揮するテネシー軍が市を包囲し、北軍を飢えさせて降伏に追い込もうとした。ブラッグの軍隊はミッショナリー・リッジとルックアウト山を占拠し、そのどちらからもチャタヌーガ市、テネシー川、北軍の供給線をしっかりと見下ろすことができた。南軍はチャタヌーガに向かっている全ての輜重隊を襲撃したので、北軍は兵士を食べさせていくために別の方法を見つける必要があった。北軍のユリシーズ・グラント少将はローズクランズを解任し、後任にジョージ・ヘンリー・トーマス少将を据えた。チャタヌーガに到着した時のグラントにとって優先事項は、北軍の物資を補充することだった[2]。, グラントとトーマスは1863年10月26日に「クラッカー・ライン作戦」を始めた。それはテネシー川沿いのブラウン渡しからチャタヌーガへの道を開き、同時にルックアウト渓谷を進んでケリー渡し道路を確保するように考えられていた。ミシシッピ軍事師団の技師長であるウィリアム・F・"ボールディ"・スミス准将が、クラッカー・ライン作戦の全体を考案し、ブラウン渡しの橋頭堡を築く任務を与えられた。これを行うために第14軍団第3師団から2個歩兵旅団を割り当てられた。ジョン・B・ターチン准将の第1旅団と、ウィリアム・B・ヘイズン准将の第2旅団だった[3]。, 10月27日午前3時、ヘイズン旅団の一部が浮き桟橋に乗り、ブラウン渡しに近いモカシン・ベンドあたりに向かった。ターチンの旅団はブラウン渡しの対岸、モカシン・ベンドに陣を布いた。ヘイズン隊は上陸して橋頭堡を確保し、川を渡す船橋に陣取り、ターチン隊が川を渡って、自隊の右手に陣取れるようにした[4]。, 南軍アラバマ第15連隊のウィリアム・C・オーツ大佐が、自分の連隊と他の部隊の一部を率いて渓谷を守っていた。指揮系統の混乱によって、オーツは3個予備連隊がどこに陣取っているかを知らなかった。北軍が突然上陸してきた後、オーツは持っている部隊だけで反撃を試みたが、自身が重傷を負った後に撃退された。その時になってイベンダー・M・ローが予備連隊を率いて回って来たが、既に遅かった。北軍は多勢であり、さらに塹壕を掘って守っていた[5]。, 一方、北軍のジョセフ・フッカー少将は3個師団を率いて、ブリッジポートから鉄道に沿い、シェルマウンドとラニングウォーター・クリーク峡谷を経て前進していた。10月28日、フッカー隊は急速に前進した後にルックアウト・バレーに入り、ルックアウト山で会談を行っていた南軍のブラクストン・ブラッグとジェイムズ・ロングストリート両将軍を驚かせることになった。ロングストリートは更に南西の方へ北軍が攻撃する可能性について心が奪われ、フッカー隊の前進を適切に偵察することができていなかった[6]。, フッカーは、その部隊で10月28日にルックアウト・バレーを通り過ぎるときに、ジョン・ギアリー准将の師団をナッシュビル・アンド・チャタヌーガ鉄道の駅、ウォーハッチー駅に分遣隊を派遣し、南西方向への通信線と西のケリー渡しへの道路を守らせた。フッカーの隊が目標としていた地点に着くと、「フッカーの配置は惨めなものであり」、オリバー・O・ハワード少将の兵力が少ない第11軍団が、ブラウンの渡しで「行き当たりばったりの野営を」していた[7]。さらに悪いことに、鉄道守備に派遣した後のギアリーの師団は僅か1,500名しかおらず、孤立した形になった[8]。, ブラッグはロングストリートに新しい北軍を追い返すよう命令した。輜重隊がウォーハッチー近くで停まっていたことに注目し、ロングストリートはギアリー隊を潰すことにした。マイカ・ジェンキンス准将の師団に北軍に夜襲を掛けるよう命令した。ローが自分の部隊とジェローム・B・ロバートソン旅団とで、フッカー隊がギアリー隊を補強しないようにしている間に、ジェンキンスの支配下にある1,800名[9]からなるサウスカロライナ旅団（ジョン・ブラットン大佐指揮）がウォーハッチー駅を襲撃することにした。ローは、ヘンリー・ベニング准将の旅団をローとブラットンの動きを支援するために残すことにした。攻撃は10月28日夜の10時を予定されたが、混乱で真夜中まで遅れた。ギアリーとその士官達は攻撃を予測しており、哨兵を出していたが、攻撃の突然さに驚かされた。北軍守備隊は北からブラットンに囲まれ、北と東を面にしたVの字の戦列を布いた。ギアリーの息子の砲兵中尉がこの戦闘で負傷し、父の腕の中で死んだ[10]。, 第11軍団は戦闘の音を耳にし、素早くブラウン渡し近くで隊列を組んだ。フッカーは指揮系統の下にあるオリバー・ハワードを飛ばして、カール・シュルツ少将に援軍としてウォーハッチー駅に向かうよう命じた。混乱の中で、北軍アドルフ・フォン・シュタインヴェーア准将がその師団を最初に道路に取り付かせた。シュタインヴェーア師団に属するオーランド・スミス大佐の旅団は、ブラウン渡しから道路を見下ろす高さ200フィート (60 m) の丘に陣取っていたローの南軍部隊に発砲された。スミスは方向を変えて丘に登り始めた。一方、フッカーは第11軍団の2個師団を誤ってローとベニングの対抗に送っており、ギアリーの救援に向かわせる部隊が無かった。ローの2,000名の部隊はフッカーの部隊より勢力で大きく劣っていたものの、丘の上という陣地は当然ながら強かった。暗闇の中で、ローの部隊と直接接触できたのは、スミスの700名の旅団だけだった。スミス隊の何度か活発な攻撃がその度に撃退された。このとき、ローは誤った報告を受け、撤退を決めた。その部隊が塹壕を離れたそのときに、スミス隊がなだれ込み、幾らかの兵士を捕虜に取り、秩序だった撤退が出来ていなかった連隊を追い散らした。一方、フッカーはハワードに幾らかの騎兵隊を率いてウォーハッチーに向かわせることに合意していた[11]。, ギアリー隊はしっかりと守備位置を守り続けたが、弾薬が尽きかけていた。ブラットンが戦いに勝ちそうだと感じ取り始めたとき、北軍の援軍が後方に到着したために後退を命じる知らせを受けた。ブラットンはルックアウト山まで後退し、ベニングの旅団をうまく支援した。ウォーハッチーの戦闘ではブラットン隊が356名の犠牲者を出し、ギアリー隊は216名だった[12]。, 北軍のラバが戦闘に驚いて暴走し、それが南軍に騎兵隊に拠る攻撃と思わせ、南軍を撤退させたという噂が北軍の宿営地に広まった。北軍兵はラバに「馬として名誉昇進させる」という冗談を言っていた[13]。実際のところ、ハンプトン・リージョンが短時間のみ、このラバのために秩序を乱したことがあった。しかしこの小康状態によって、ニューヨーク第137連隊が北軍前線に開いた穴を埋めることが出来ていた[14]。, この戦闘全体で、北軍の損失は戦死78名、負傷327名、不明15名となった。南軍は戦死34名、負傷305名、不明69名と報告した。ある証言では、ブラットン隊が408名を失い、ロー隊は52名を失っただけだったとなっている[9]。ギアリーは、南軍兵153名の遺体を埋葬し、100名以上を捕まえたと報告したので、南軍の損失は900名を超えていた可能性もある[15]。北軍はチャタヌーガ市に対する補給路を確保でき、クラッカー・ラインを通じて物資、武器、弾薬さらに援軍を受け取ることができた。このことにより、11月28日の第三次チャタヌーガの戦いに繋がる道ができた。, https://ja.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ウォーハッチーの戦い&oldid=73427899.
Events now began to overtake him. Noting that a wagon train had stopped near Wauhatchie, Longstreet determined to crush Geary's force. Longstreet appears to have been unaware that Geary’s division (part of the 12th corps) had been left behind at Wauhatchie. On October 28, after a commendably rapid march, Hooker's column entered Lookout Valley to the astonishment of Generals Braxton Bragg and James Longstreet, who were having a conference on Lookout Mountain. The Union army now had its window to the outside and could receive supplies, weapons, ammunition, and reinforcements via the Cracker Line. Brig. Once he reached his goal, "Hooker's dispositions were deplorable," with Howard's understrength IX Corps "bivouacked haphazardly" at Brown's Ferry.
Help - F.A.Q. Then, after Law received some erroneous reports, he decided to pull back. Gen. Micah Jenkins's division to mount a night attack on the Union forces. Smith veered to the east and began climbing the hill. After defeat at Chickamauga (19-20 September), a Union army had become besieged in Chattanooga. Enveloped from the north by Bratton, the Union defenders formed into a V-shaped battle line, facing north and east. Grant and Maj. Gen. George H. Thomas initiated the "Cracker Line Operation" on October 26, 1863. The way was clear for the start of the Battles for Chattanooga on November 23.
Accordingly, Hooker ordered General O. Howard to march the three miles back to Wauhatchie to help Geary. Confederate Gen. Braxton Bragg's Army of Tennessee besieged the city, threatening to starve the Union forces into surrender. The Battle of Wauhatchie, October 28-29, 1863 A month after the Battle of Chickamauga, help was on its way to the Union army besieged at Chattanooga. Contents[show] Background After … Howard’s men now ran into the rest of Jenkins’ Division on the hills to the left of his road.
This almost accidental battle was the only Confederate attempt to disrupt the ‘cracker line’. Battle of Wauhatchie (Station), Civil War About North Georgia Wauhatchie (Station) October 29, 1863 Estimated casualties: 828 total (US 420; CS 408) James Longstreet stood on top of Lookout Mountain on October_27, 1863 Longstreet’s response was to send Jenkins’ Division to occupy some hills on the west side of Lookout Creek late on 28 October. A minor battle during the siege of Chattanooga (American Civil War). - Contact Us - Search - Recent - About Us - Subscribe in a reader - Join our Google Group In his report, written on 29 October, Longstreet said that he had left Jenkins at 1.00 p.m., expecting nothing to happen, but one and half hours later he received a letter from Jenkins announcing that one of his brigades was attacking the Federal 12th corps! Col. Orland Smith's brigade of Steinwehr's division was fired on by Law's Confederates, who were positioned on a 200-foot high hill that dominated the road from Brown's Ferry. Instead, Hooker emerged from Racoon Mountain close to Wauhatchie, in the northern end of Lookout Valley.
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