– 31 October 1765), was a younger son of George II of Great Britain and Caroline of Ansbach, and Duke of Cumberland from 1726. William, Duke of Cumberland (1721-1765) 1. Edinburgh on 30 January. He also died without heirs, in 1708. significant that no British Army regiment ever included He was Duke of Cumberland from 1726. Despite a concerted Anglo-Hanoverian attack on the French centre, which led many to believe the Allies had won, the failure to clear the woods and of the Dutch forces to capture Fontenoy forced Cumberland's force onto the retreat. At the age of four, he was conferred with the titles Duke of Cumberland, Marquess of Berkhamstead, Earl of Kennington, Viscount of Trematon, and Baron of the Isle of Alderney, as well as was made a Knight of the Bath. [1] In August 1760, he suffered a stroke[40] and, on 31 October 1765, he died at Upper Grosvenor Street in London. This page was last modified on 1 December 2015, at 11:36.
[11] He was intended, by the King and Queen, for the office of Lord High Admiral, and, in 1740, he sailed, as a volunteer, in the fleet under the command of Sir John Norris, but he quickly became dissatisfied with the Navy, and, instead secured the post of colonel of the First Regiment of Foot Guards on 20 February 1741. Hanoverian dynasty the Jacobites were trying to overthrow. throne, Cumberland tried but failed to become Regent. is set out in our Historical [43] He died unmarried. – 31 October 1765), was the third and youngest son of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland and his wife, Caroline of Ansbach. His subsequent military failures led to his estrangement from his … [26] Over a hundred Jacobites were hanged.
Princess Eleanor Erdmuthe Louise of Saxe-Eisenach Following the battle Cumberland was frequently criticised for his tactics, particularly the failure to occupy the woods. Worse was to come. aftermath did begin to take the shine off Cumberland's public image south of Prince William Augustus (26 April 1721 [N.S.] Back in London, Cumberland was lionised with a special anthem being
the city". of the allied British, Hanoverian, Austrian and Dutch troops when he led his [47], Prince William County, Virginia is named for him,[48] as well as Cumberland County, Maine.
Father of Joseph Carroll Pack, Sr [9] At Hampton Court Palace, apartments were designed specially for him by William Kent. He initially planned to take the offensive against the French, in a move he hoped would lead to the capture of Paris, but was persuaded by his advisors that this was impossible given the vast numerical superiority of the enemy. this Church and Nation." In 1743 he saw active service in the middle east, then on 27 Prince William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland was the commander of the British troops at the Battle of Culloden and is known by the nicknames “The Butcher of Culloden” and “Butcher Cumberland.” Prince William Augustus was born at Leicester House in London, England on April 26, 1721. [1] His godparents included the King and Queen in Prussia (his paternal aunt), but they apparently did not take part in person and were presumably represented by proxy. The "the greatest rejoicings that have been known in transferred to the Army, becoming a Major General in December of that year at
The Duke of Cumberland, however, was interested in doing more than Battle of Culloden in 1746. uprisings in Scotland, with previous flare-ups in 1689, 1708, 1715, and 1719, William Augustus, duke of Cumberland, (born April 15, 1721, London, Eng.—died Oct. 31, 1765, London), British general, nicknamed “Butcher Cumberland” for his harsh suppression of the Jacobite rebellion of 1745. [10] He was enrolled in the 2nd Foot Guards and made a Knight of the Bath aged four. of the Jacobites at Inverness on 8 April 1746. [10], William's elder brother Frederick, Prince of Wales, proposed dividing the king's dominions. [21], Recalled from Flanders, Cumberland proceeded with preparations for quelling the Stuart (Jacobite) uprising. hopes... owing to...your generous resolution in coming to be the deliver of Prince William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland, KG, KB, FRS (1721 – 1765), was the third and youngest son of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland and his wife, Caroline of Ansbach. This was the last major land battle to occur in Great Britain. Cumberland hoped that the Royal Navy might bring him reinforcements and supplies which would allow him to regroup and counterattack, but the British mounted an expedition to Rochefort instead, despite suggestions that it should be sent to aid Cumberland. Field Marshal Wade's forces to reach Derby, The Young Pretender escaped to France and finally died in 1788, sodden with drink and disillusionment.…, …under William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland, son of King George II of England. His the behavious of his troops after the battle and his oversight of the Despite seemingly having the advantage towards the end of the battle, Cumberland's forces began to retreat. Husband of Mary Ann Packard Cumberland established his headquarters at A younger son of George II and Queen Caroline, he became a at Culloden Moor on 15 April. Princess Eleonore Dorothea of Anhalt-Dessau, 15. hotly pursued the Jacobite Army back to the Scottish border, but then returned [3] On reaching Penrith, the advanced portion of his army was repulsed on Clifton Moor in December 1745, and Cumberland became aware that an attempt to overtake the retreating Highlanders would be hopeless. But when Hawley was beaten by the Jacobites at the Battle of Battle of Culloden, Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Prince William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland, KG, KB, FRS (26 April 1721 [N.S.] Things got much worse for Cumberland when, in 1757, he was placed Following the Convention of Klosterzeven in 1757, he never again held active military command and switched his attentions to politics and horse racing. [52], An equestrian statue of the Duke was erected in London's Cavendish Square in 1770, but was removed in 1868 since by that time the 'butcher of Culloden' was generally reviled.
Despite a concerted Anglo-Hanoverian attack on the French centre, which led many to believe the Allies had won, the failure to clear the woods and of the Dutch forces to capture Fontenoy forced Cumberland's force onto the retreat. At the age of four he was According to a local park guide, the Obelisk was originally inscribed "Culloden" but Queen Victoria had "Culloden" removed.
[6] Another of his tutors (and occasional proxy for him) was his mother's favourite Andrew Fountaine. [29] Women were imprisoned and droves of people were sent by ship to London for trial and as the journey took up to 8 months many of them died on the way.
After triumphing over Charles at the decisive Battle of Culloden Moor in Inverness-shire on April 16, 1746 (at which about 1,000 Scots died), he remained in Scotland for three months, rounding up some 3,500 men and executing about 120. celebrated military leader at a very young age and commanded the Government Following the battle Cumberland was frequently criticised for his tactics, particularly the failure to occupy the woods. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. [49] Various other places in the American colonies were named after him, including the Cumberland River,[50] the Cumberland Gap[51] and the Cumberland Mountains. his parents' favourite: his father, George The British Army then embarked upon the so-called 'pacification' of Jacobite areas of the highlands. [22], Cumberland joined the Midland army under Ligonier, and began pursuit of the enemy, as the Stuarts retreated northwards from Derby.
Anderson, Fred (2000). involved in Charles Edward Stuart's
from all public office. Prince William Augustus (26 April 1721 [N.S.] [35], In 1757, the Seven Years' War having broken out, Cumberland was placed at the head of the Army of Observation, a force of German allies paid for by Britain which intended to defend Hanover from a French attack. [17] In the wake of the battle Cumberland was forced to retreat to Brussels and was unable to prevent the fall of Ghent, Bruges and Ostend. [1] Cabinet meetings were held either at Cumberland Lodge, his home in Windsor, or at Upper Grosvenor Street, his house in London. Brother of Princess Anne of United Kingdom, Prinses van Oranje-Nassau; Princess Amelia of Great Britain; Princess Caroline of Great Britain; Augustus George of Great Britain, of Hanover, Prince; Prince George William of Great Britain, Prince and 3 others; Princess Mary of Great Britain; Louise of Great Britain and Hanover, Princess, Queen Consort of Denmark og Norge and Frederick, Prince of Wales « less
[45], Prince William County, Virginia is named for him,[46] as well as Cumberland County, Maine. Error rating book.
In the resulting Battle of Fontenoy on 11 May 1745, the Allies were defeated by the French. [22] Cumberland ordered his troops to show no quarter against any remaining Jacobite rebels (French Army personnel, including those who were British- or Irish-born, were treated as legitimate combatants).
[3] After the battle he was made a lieutenant general.
June 1743 fought alongside his father [8], William's elder brother Frederick, Prince of Wales, proposed dividing the king's dominions. [19], Recalled from Flanders, Cumberland proceeded with preparations for quelling the Stuart (Jacobite) uprising. Princess Sophia Margaret of Oettingen-Oettingen, 27. Prince William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland lived from 15 April 1721 to 31 October 1765.
of troops backed by ships of the Royal Navy to commit what would now be [1] On reaching Penrith, the advanced portion of his army was repulsed on Clifton Moor in December 1745, and Cumberland became aware that an attempt to overtake the retreating Highlanders would be hopeless.
In only a few cases he exercised his influence in favour of clemency. south to ensure the south coast of England was safeguarded against French The Jacobite army had advanced southwards into England, hoping that English Jacobites would rise and join them. Journal produced a special commemorative edition after [31] This and the fall of Bergen-op-Zoom compelled the two sides to the negotiating table and in 1748 the Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle was concluded and Cumberland returned home. [36] At the Battle of Hastenbeck, near Hamelin, on 26 July 1757, Cumberland's army was defeated by the superior forces of d'Estrées. general orders issued to the Jacobites the day before the battle had been Van der Myn - Queen Caroline with her Son - Orleans House Gallery.png 731 × 1,196; 1.26 MB. William was born in 1. Cumberland's agreement to evacuate Hanover, and in disgrace Cumberland resigned Aberdeen to make sure his Prince William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland lived from 15 April 1721 to 31 October 1765. He is generally best remembered for his role in putting down the Jacobite Rising at the Battle of Culloden in 1746, which success made him immensely popular throughout Britain (for example, he received an honorary doctorate from the University of Glasgow). William Augustus, duke of Cumberland, (born April 15, 1721, London, Eng.—died Oct. 31, 1765, London), British general, nicknamed “Butcher Cumberland” for his harsh suppression of the Jacobite rebellion of 1745.
Cumberland was recalled to England to take charge of all forces in Britain. He is best remembered for his role in putting down the Jacobite Rising at the Battle of Culloden in 1746. II 1765 He was born in London on 15th April 1721, the second surviving son of George, Prince of Wales (who became King George II) and his wife Caroline. He is generally best remembered for his role in putting down the Jacobite Rising at the Battle of Culloden in 1746, and as such is also known as "Butcher" Cumberland to this day.
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