He thinks these pearls were in fact the most costly and precious aspect of the throne. I counted about 116; thus there are more emeralds than rubies. This throne was protected by a canopy made out of precious and colorful textiles, and gold and silver threads. Upon the accession of the Emperor, it occurred to his mind that, in the opinion of far-seeing men, the acquisition of such rare jewels and the keeping of such wonderful brilliants can only render one service, that of adorning the throne of empire. At 4 feet distance from the throne there are fixed, on either side, two umbrellas, the sticks of which for 7 or 8 feet in height are covered with diamonds, rubies, and pearls. It is said that he was very fond of this throne and had made an exact duplicate of it with other jewels. During this visit, Tavernier not only sold several jewels to the emperor and the emperor's uncle Jafar Khan, but established a close relationship with the emperor that led to a longer stay. It could be that there were differences between the projected and final designs of the throne that Shah Jahān ascended for the first time on 12 March 1635. Just like Solomon's throne, the Peacock Throne was to be covered in gold and jewels, with steps leading up to it, with the ruler floating above ground and closer to heaven. Nader Shah's invasion of the Mughal Empire culminated in the Battle of Karnal, on 13 February 1739, and the defeat of Muhammad Shah. [14] One of the unsubstantiated rumours claimed the throne was given to the Ottoman Sultan,[15] although this could have been a minor throne produced in Persia and given as a gift. The beauty of the world has revived, With the early glory of the throne of multi-coloured gems.[10]. The emperor was the focus of all activities that went on in the empire including receiving petitioners and giving audience. Persian troops left Delhi at the beginning of May 1739, taking with them the throne as a war trophy, their haul of treasure amounting to a large reduction in Mughal wealth and an irreplaceable loss of cultural artefacts. The original throne, built for the Mughal emperor Shāh Jahān in the early 17th century, was reportedly one of the By the time Muhammad Shah came to power, Mughal power was in serious decline and the empire was vulnerable. To underscore his position as the emperor, Shah Jahan established a ruler’s court at the center of the empire. On the top of each pillar there were to be two peacocks thick set with gems, and between each two peacocks a tree set with rubies and diamonds, emeralds and pearls. Abdul Hamid Lahori (d. 1654) describes, in his Padshahnama, the construction of the throne:[25]. Tavernier then wrote about two large gem-studded royal umbrellas, which were not part of the throne, but were placed on either side of the throne, at a distance of 4 feet from it. He counted the number of large balas rubies and emeralds on the throne. They ought therefore, to be put to such a use, that beholders might share in and benefit by their splendour, and that Majesty might shine with increased brilliancy. Tavernier gives a detailed description of the Peacock Throne in his book Les Six Voyages de J. It was only a question of time until forces from neighbouring Persia saw their chance to invade. The throne was seized along with other plunder when the Iranian conqueror Nādir Shāh captured Delhi in 1739. The one placed behind the emperor's back was large and round; the other two, placed at his sides, were flat. Each of the peacocks carried a pearl neckless on its beak. A major difference is the position of the eponymous peacock statues. When in course of time it came into the possession of Shah 'Abbas, his name was added; and when Jahangir obtained it, he added the name of himself and of his father. Lahori's descriptions were made during the rule of Shah Jahan, when all the gems were probably incorporated in the throne. Upon the four feet, which are very massive and from 20 inches (51 cm) to 25 inches (64 cm) high, are fixed the four bars[33] which support the base of the throne, and upon these bars are ranged twelve columns, which sustain the canopy on three sides, there not being any on that which faces the court. The Sun Throne has a platform in the shape of that of the Peacock Throne. It was ascended by silver steps and stood on golden feet set with jewels, and it was backed by representations of two open peacocks’ tails, gilded, enamelled, and inset with diamonds, rubies, and other stones. Bahadur Shah I was able to keep the empire stable, by maintaining a relaxed religious policy; however, after his death the empire was in inexorable decline. Where exactly these two pedestal legs originate from, and if they are connected to the Peacock Throne at all, remains unclear. The Persian emperor Fath-Ali Shah commissioned the Sun Throne to be constructed in the early 19th century. The underside of the canopy is covered with diamonds and pearls, with a fringe of pearls all round, and above the canopy, which is a quadrangular-shaped dome, there is to be seen a peacock with elevated tail made of blue sapphires and other coloured stones, the body being of gold inlaid with precious stones, having a large ruby in front of the breast, from whence hangs a pear-shaped pearl of 50 carats or thereabouts, and of a somewhat yellow water. In the course of years many valuable gems had come into the Imperial jewel-house, each one of which might serve as an ear-drop for Venus, or would adorn the girdle of the Sun.
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