Volgens deze versie van de gebeurtenissen bood Valerianus na een lange periode van een dergelijke behandeling Shapur een enorm losgeld aan voor zijn vrijlating. Details van zijn vroege leven zijn schaars, behalve zijn huwelijk met Egnatia Mariniana , met wie hij twee zonen had: de latere keizer Publius Licinius Egnatius Gallienus en Valerianus Minor . Valerian's full title at his death was IMPERATOR CAESAR PVBLIVS LICINIVS VALERIANVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS GERMANICVS MAXIMVS PONTIFEX MAXIMVS TRIBUNICIAE POTESTATIS VII IMPERATOR I CONSUL IV PATER PATRIAE, "Emperor Caesar Publius Licinus Valerianus, Patriotic, Favored, Unconquered Augustus, Conqueror of the Germans, Chief Priest, seven times Tribune, once Emperor, four times Consul, Father of the Fatherland". Valerian (* um 200; † nach 260 in Gundishapur), mit vollständigem Namen Publius Licinius Valerianus, war von 253 bis 260 römischer Kaiser. In 238 he was princeps senatus, and Gordian I negotiated through him for Senatorial acknowledgement for his claim as emperor. p. 859..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}, Antichristelijk beleid in het Romeinse Rijk § Valeriaan, Lucius Valerius Poplicola Balbinus Maximus, doorLucius Valerius Claudius Acilius Priscillianus Maximus, Lucius Valerius Claudius Acilius Priscillianus Maximus, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, Imperator Caesar Publius Licinius Valerianus Augustus, Wikimedia Commons heeft media met betrekking tot, Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 30 september 2020 om 00:57, This page is based on the copyrighted Wikipedia article. [Lactantius, "De Mortibus Persecutorum", v; Wickert, L., "Licinius (Egnatius) 84" in "Pauly-Wissowa, Realencyclopädie" 13.1 (1926), 488-495; Parker, H., "A History of the Roman World A.D. 138 to 337" (London, 1958), 170. [http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=438248 "The Reddling of Valerian."] In Spain Bishop Fructuosus of Tarragona and his two deacons were put to death on 21 January, 259. Tijdens de strijd tegen de Perzen stuurde Valerianus twee brieven naar de Senaat waarin hij beval dat er stevige stappen tegen christenen zouden worden genomen . Shapur then had the former Roman Emperor skinned and stuffed with straw with his dead body placed on display in a Persian temple. Volgens de vroege Perzische moslimgeleerde Abu Hanifa Dinawari vestigde Shapur de krijgsgevangenen in Gundishapur en liet Valeriaan, zoals beloofd, vrij na de bouw van Band-e Kaisar. Remy Lafort, S.T.D., Censor. If you are at an office or shared network, you can ask the network administrator to run a scan across the network looking for misconfigured or infected devices. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912.
In het oosten was Antiochië in handen gevallen van een Sassanidische vazal en werd Armenië bezet door Shapur I (Sapor). It is generally supposed that some of Lactantius' account is motivated by his desire to establish that persecutors of the Christians died fitting deathscite bookauthor=Meijer, Fiktitle=Emperors don't die in bedpublisher=Routledgelocation=New Yorkyear=2004pages=isbn=0-415-31202-7oclc=doi=accessdate=2008-02-14] ; the story was repeated then and later by authors in the Roman Near East "fiercely hostile" to Persiacite bookauthor=Isaacs, Benjamintitle=The Near East under Roman Rulepublisher=Brill Academic Publisherslocation=Bostonyear=pages=440isbn=90-04-09989-1oclc=doi=accessdate=2008-02-14] . When Valerian's son Gallienus became Emperor in 260, the legislation was rescinded. [10] The captivity and death of Valerian has been frequently debated by historians without any definitive conclusion. They must be set up at the same time, but are otherwise free to separate and take the fight to wherever they will be most effective. By subscribing you confirm that you are over the age of 13 or have consent from your parent or guardian to subscribe. The truce was betrayed by Shapur, who seized Valerian and held him prisoner for the remainder of his life.
Member of a distinguished family, he had held several offices before the army proclaimed him emperor in 253 at Rhaetia. The Sassanid leader, Shapur I, reputedly used Valerian as a footstool to help him mount his horse. In 259, Valerian moved on to Edessa, but an outbreak of plague killed a critical number of legionaries, weakening the Roman position, and the town was besieged by the Persians. By 257, Valerian had already recovered Antioch and returned the province of Syria to Roman control but in the following year, the Goths ravaged Asia Minor. In Rome erkende de Senaat Valeriaan snel, niet alleen uit angst voor represailles, maar ook omdat hij een van hen was. In 258, by a new and absolutely merciless edict, bishops, priests, and deacons were executed immediately, men of senatorial and equestrian rank were punished with degradation and confiscation of goods to be followed by death if they refused to offer heathen sacrifice, women were threatened with confiscation of their property and exile, and Christians in the imperial household were sent in chains to perform forced labour on the imperial domains. "Infobox Roman emperortitle=Emperor of the Roman Empirename=Valerian full name =Publius Licinius Valerianus (from birth to accession); Caesar Publius Licinius Valerianus Augustus (as emperor) caption =Valerian on a coin celebrating goddess Fortuna reign =253-260 (with Gallienus) predecessor =Aemilianus successor =Gallienus (alone) spouse 1 =Egnatia Mariniana spouse 2 = issue =Gallienus & Valerianus Minor dynasty = father =Senatorial mother = date of birth =c.
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