In 249 CE the Goths rebelled as, once again, Philip had cut payments promised by Gordian III. The unprecedented event and the unknown fate of the captured emperor generated a variety of different reactions and "new narratives about the Roman Empire in diverse contexts". Shapur used the remaining soldiers in engineering and development plans.
), Philip had the honor of leading the celebrations of the one thousandth birthday of Rome, which according to tradition was founded on April 21, 753 BC by Romulus. 67. Among early Christian writers, Philip had the reputation of being sympathetic to the Christian faith. When orders were given to attack the Persian capital, Philip resisted, claiming that the emperor was incompetent. Under the superb leadership of the Praetorian Guard prefect Gaius Furius Sabina Aquila Timesitheus, the revolt was swiftly suppressed. Related Questions. The first, sent in 257, commanded Christian clergy to perform sacrifices to the Roman gods or face banishment. It also decreed that Roman matrons who would not apostatize should lose their property and be banished, and that civil servants and members of the Imperial household who would not worship the Roman gods should be reduced to slavery and sent to work on the Imperial estates. Afterwards Philip added, “…it was better for someone to rule who could command the army and understood public affairs.”. He also appears in Anthony Hecht's poem "Behold the Lilies of the Field" in the collection The Hard Hours. Valerian's capture was a tremendous defeat for the Romans. License. 463-73; Hans A. Pohlsander, "Did Decius Kill the Philippi?"
The rebellion was stamped out in 249 CE; the would-be emperor was also killed by his own troops.
[4] However, his first priority was to conclude a peace treaty with Shapur I of Persia, and withdraw the army from a potentially disastrous situation.
Cite This Work [24] In the meantime, the Arsacids of Armenia refused to acknowledge the authority of the Persian king Shapur I, and war with Persia flared up again by 245. [21] Decius was proclaimed Emperor by the Danubian armies in the spring of 249 and immediately marched on Rome.
29 (1980) pp.
Caeremonia anni millesimi festi ab Urbe condita, Dietmar Kienast, Römische Kaisertabelle, Darmstadii 1996, p. 200-201, "Philip the Arab and Rival Claimants of the later 240s", Imp. [20], It has been alleged that the account of Lactantius is coloured by his desire to establish that persecutors of the Christians died fitting deaths;[21] the story was repeated then and later by authors in the Roman Near East fiercely hostile to Persia.
[15] Written by Donald L. Wasson, published on 08 January 2014 under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. In 259 Saint Patroclus was executed at Troyes and Saint Fructuosus at Tarragona. In 254, 255, and 257, Valerian again became Consul Ordinarius. He was born in present-day Syria to a Syrian father and went on to become a major figure in the Roman Empire. Philip was overthrown and killed following a rebellion led by his successor Decius. Military Channel. The Ancient History Encyclopedia logo is a registered EU trademark. Wasson, D. L. (2014, January 08). [12] Philip apparently retained Timesitheus’ reconquest of Osroene and Mesopotamia, but he had to agree that Armenia lay within Persia’s sphere of influence. Coin of Marcia Otacilia Severa, wife of Philip.
[6], Despite the festive atmosphere, there were continued problems in the provinces. Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms. Financial difficulties had forced him to debase the Antoninianus, as rioting began to occur in Egypt, causing disruptions to Rome’s wheat supply and further eroding Philip’s support in the capital. [32] Philip was so impressed by his support that he dispatched Decius to the region with a special command encompassing all of the Pannonian and Moesian provinces. When his first child, Philippus II, was born, Philip the Arab was 33 years old. "[16] An early Christian source, Lactantius, thought to be virulently anti-Persian, thanks to the occasional persecution of Christians by some Sasanian monarchs,[17] maintained that, for some time prior to his death, Valerian was subjected to the greatest insults by his captors, such as being used as a human footstool by Shapur when mounting his horse. This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. All Rights Reserved. Roman legions under the ineffective command of Severanus were deserting to the Goths.
Philip the Arab had 1 sibling.
With additional legions at his disposal and the encouragement of his troops, in September of 249 CE Decius marched toward Rome.
Seeing the need to consolidate his power and understanding the problems that had beset many of his predecessors, Philip realized the urgency in returning to Rome. Shortly after his arrival in Rome, the Dacian Carpi crossed the Danube River. 71; Meckler.
When did organ music become associated with baseball? Washington: Dumbarton Oaks, 1984 ; Dennis E. Trout, "Victoria Redux and the First Year of the Reign of Philip the Arab" in Chiron vol. secundum Varronem, qui annum certum computaverat ergo unum decimum saeculum. That cultural acceptance of the Arabs as natural allies and loyal citizens led to Philip the Arab (Marcus Arabus) becoming Emperor of Rome. While pretending devotion to the inexperienced emperor, Philip spread false rumors among the troops that the emperor was incompetent and too young to rule.
[21], Nevertheless, Philip was back in Rome by August 247, where he poured more money into the most momentous event of his reign – the Ludi Saeculares, which coincided with the one thousandth anniversary of the foundation of Rome. Philip the Arab (Latin language: Marcus Julius Philippus Augustus;[1] Arabic: فيليب العربي Feyleyb al-Arabi c. 204 – 249), also known as Philip or Philippus Arabs, was Roman Emperor from 244 to 249. They accepted this assertion - Philip was seen as a very personable individual - and quickly appointed him as the new emperor. [19] To pay for it, he ruthlessly increased levels of taxation, while at the same time he ceased paying subsidies to the tribes north of the Danube that were vital for keeping the peace on the frontiers. According to the early Persian Muslim scholar Abu Hanifa Dinawari, Shapur settled the prisoners of war in Gundishapur and released Valerian, as promised, after the construction of Band-e Kaisar.
Ante annum 238 Otaciliam Severam uxorem duxit[1].
Marcus Julius Verus Philippus was born in 204 CE at Philippopolis in Southwestern Syria, the son of an Arab chieftain named Marinus.
[4] Before the end of the year, he nominated his young son Caesar and heir, his wife, Otacilia Severa, was named Augusta, and he also deified his father Marinus, even though he had never been Emperor. In this way he speedily got them exasperated against Gordian, for they did not know that the youth had been betrayed through Philip's intriguing.
Sadly, peace did not remain along the Danube. Ancient History Encyclopedia Foundation is a non-profit organization. [14], Eutropius, writing between 364 and 378 AD, stated that Valerian "was overthrown by Shapur king of Persia, and being soon after made prisoner, grew old in ignominious slavery among the Parthians.
Add a Comment. In 247 CE the young Caesar rose to the rank of Augustus with equal authority as his father; this included the title of chief priest. Later versions located this event in Antioch. [6] Philip's eleven-year-old son and heir may have been killed with his father and Priscus disappeared without a trace. Regrettably, Philip would see little peace throughout his brief reign. He was born on January 01, 0204 (died on January 01, 0249, he was 45 years old) in Shahba, As-Suwayda. [13] He also had to pay an enormous indemnity to the Persians of 500,000 gold denarii.
[35], Although Decius tried to come to terms with Philip,[32] Philip's army met the usurper near modern Verona that summer. He is the first, but not the last, Roman emperor to die fighting the barbarians. [15] Whilst in Antioch, he left his brother Priscus as extraordinary ruler of the Eastern provinces, with the title of rector Orientis[16] Moving westward, he gave his brother-in-law Severianus control of the provinces of Moesia and Macedonia. Philip the Arab also known as Philip or Philippus Arabs was Roman Emperor from 244 to 249. Philip the Arab was the first of several short-lived emperors who would rule the vast Roman Empire for the next three decades. 27 (11th ed.).
Pace cum Sassanidis facta imperator condicionem in finibus orientibus confirmavit, sed finis septentrionalis incertus manebat. [12] He quickly ordered an enormous building program in his home town, renaming it Philippopolis, and raising it to civic status, while he populated it with statues of himself and his family.
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