Erosional landforms consist of wave cut platforms, caves, arches, stacks, stumps, bays and headlands. – Causes of coastal flooding: Longshore drift only happens when the waves hit the beach at an angle. UK: The government gives advice to the public via its website. The variety is endless from the sea stacks of the rugged shipwreck coastline in Victoria to the gleaming patterns of the Great Barrier Reef in Northern Queensland.
high frequency 10-14 per minute, short wave length, plunging, high energy/above 1m/backwash>swash (1) therefore beaches eroded (1) High energy waves (1). (6) Advantages and disadvantages of each technique.
Sand and shingle moved up the beach = deposition, Greater backwash than swash. When the sea loses energy, it drops the sand, rock particles and pebbles it has been carrying.
(4) UK: Environmental Agency page: Prepare your property for flooding. Factors which increase vulnerability
Loss of value: Houses worth £80,000 when the coast was defended, are now valued at 1£. The former involves Groynes, which are built to protect cliffs from erosion. Gabion: also uses large boulders, but this time the boulders are placed in cages.
Use examples in your answer. Coastal landscapes also have an association with the following: Coastal processes are the main factors that drive the build-up or breakdown of these coastal landscapes. Seven historic buildings and seven golf course holes will be lost to the sea.
If so, you can save yourself a lot of time by downloading our modules below. In general, hard engineering, despite their advantages, can sometimes change the landscapes of coastlines, and can damage coastlines if these are not well-managed and properly installed and monitored. With the onset of climate change and aggressive weather events, coastal landscapes are at risk of increased erosion, which could cause damaging effects to these coastlines.
It has a population of around 8,500 and is an important holiday destination. The coast is shaped by a number of physical processes. Spits occur when there is a change in the shape of the landscape or there is a river mouth. The costs and benefits of the following management strategies: • hard engineering – sea walls, rock armour, gabions and groynes • soft engineering – beach nourishment and reprofiling, dune regeneration • managed retreat – coastal realignment.
Some sea defences negatively impact tourism and reduce the amount of money coming in to the area. These reduced longshore drift and help make sure that a beach remained in place to absorb the energy of breaking waves. Sea level rise: Coastal flooding associated with sea level rise will become a significant issue into the next 100 years. • Describe how the coast is managed in a named location.
Greater swash than backwash. The fact that they extend out into the water is a good way of spotting them and if you look closely you can see the curved hook at the end. Pantometers can be used by one person, and the slope can be surveyed systematically at regular, short intervals. Strong winds, atmospheric agents, and sea actions such as tides and waves constantly shape the coast.
Attrition: Rocks, sand and stones being thrown into each other by the sea current and waves. Hard rock outcrops form headlands. PO Box Q139, QVB Sydney NSW 1230, 4. Where there is a break in the coastline and a slight drop in energy, long shore drift will deposit material at a faster rate than it can be removed and gradually a ridge is built up, projecting outwards into the sea – this continues to grow by the process of long shore drift and the deposition of material. Coastal Cliffs – David Stanley from Nanaimo, Canada. (4), Explain the formation of a stack. Describe the named landforms and explain their formation in terms of sequence and the processes involved. If you drive further around the coast, you’ll discover Bay of Islands, London Bridge at Portsea, Blairgowrie Beach, and Dragon Head Rock.
They include the English Channel, Normandy, Scotland and Ireland coasts. Are you looking for high-quality GCSE Geography resources? Soil creep causes slow removal of soil from coastal slopes (1); ridges / ripples are left (1).
A balance needs to be struck between time available and the need for a number of profiles across the width of the beach to ensure the validity of results, There may be some user error when taking readings with a clinometer, and the sophistication of models of clinometer can vary enormously, If using a pantometer, this piece of equipment must be kept vertical when taking readings, Data can be used to draw profiles onto graph paper using distance from sea as the horizontal axis and using an angle measurer to complete the profiles. Many ranging poles have stripes which can be used for this purpose.
Quadrats can be used to select sediment for sampling. Coastal recession: when the coast is eroded and retreats.
Instead of breaking on the coast, waves, break on the breakwater. Over time this erosion creates a wave cut notch (basically an eroded hole at the bottom of the cliff). Climate and weather patterns that may affect the intensity of coastal processes. There are plenty of photo opportunities along the Great Ocean Road, including Loch Ard Gorge and the Lighthouse. The process of erosion that has created them can take hundreds of years to do its work. A lagoon is an enclosed area that is several kilometers wide and typical of low, sandy coasts and shallow waters. The information gets to householders through weather forecasts and news broadcasts on the TV and radio. Alternatively, bearings can be taken from the eye level of a person of a similar height holding the ranging pole, Measure the distance along the ground of the section (i), and record this information alongside the slope angle, Repeat processes four and five for each break in slope that you have identified, Varying tidal conditions can affect access and safety. If this happens a blowhole is created. OCR GCSE Geography, AQA A Level Geography These absorb and spread wave energy through slats. In some places large waves wear away the coast at the rate of about 2 metres every year. As the process continues the cliff starts to move backwards (retreat). This means that gabion can be installed quickly and again is fairly effective. The main source of material building up a spit is from long shore drift and current, which brings material from further down the coast. By allowing this you are changing some inland ecosystems by adding salt water. When sand spits appear on an OS map the direction of the longshore drift can be determined as it will be moving towards the point where the end of the spit is being formed. 3/01/2018 10:01 AM. These are usually found in Sweden and Finland. Hard defences in the form of a concrete seawall and timber groynes afford protection and an on going refurbishment programme ensure this has continued. (Situated approximately 3km south of Hornsea lies the village of Mappleton. Loss of homes: Since 1995: 25 properties and the village’s lifeboat launching station washed away. High coasts with cliffs feature rocky, vertical slopes on the sea. Use examples in your answer. More revision notes next week! The prevailing wind on the Holderness coast, is from the NE so longshore drift goes from north to south. CIE A Level Geography Past Papers
(Hornsea is a small coastal town located between Bridlington and Withernsea along the Holderness Coast. The sand which forms the spit has been transported along the Holderness Coast by longshore drift.
Because the swash is stronger than the backwash they tend to deposit material and build beaches up.
In 200/01 severe storms and high energy waves led to a further retreat of another 12 metres. They each have distinctive features which can be identified on an OS map. Storm surge: A storm surge is an offshore rise of water associated with a low pressure weather system*, typically tropical cyclones.
Corrosion (solution): The slight acidity of sea water causing bits of the cliff to dissolve. Kangaroo Island is the third largest island in Australia, so there’s lots of coastlines to capture. Mappleton lies upon unconsolidated till. Coastal management. Change ), You are commenting using your Twitter account.
Their heights create capes and peninsulas. (6) Forecasts of coastal flooding are provided on a 24-hour Flood hotline. (2000).
Backwash: The waves returning to the sea with load. The weakest points are where vertical cracks or fault lines have appeared in the horizontal beds of chalk. Supporting approximately 50 properties, the village has been subject to intense erosion at a rate of 2.0m per year, resulting in the access road being only 50m from the cliff edge at its closest point.). It’s becoming increasingly important for councils and governments to start managing coastlines in order to protect them from increasing coastal erosion and flooding due to altering sea levels. The process then starts again, with the erosion of the sea making a new wave cut notch. You won’t fall short of stunning places in Australia! With all of these amazing locations, you’ll be sure to return home with many picturesque coastal landscape photos. Bangladesh: The Meteorological Department has three radar stations that transmit weather updates. In the UK, 23% of our total land area lies within 10kms of the coast.
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