[90], Caligula needed to quell several riots and conspiracies in the eastern territories during his reign. [42] Cassius Dio said that this act "though delighting the rabble, grieved the sensible, who stopped to reflect, that if the offices should fall once more into the hands of the many ... many disasters would result". Additionally, the historians who wrote them are described as biased, either overly critical or praising of Caligula. R.S. [100] In response, Caligula ordered the erection of a statue of himself in the Jewish Temple of Jerusalem,[101] a demand in conflict with Jewish monotheism. [70] Soon afterwards, the Governor of Germany, Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Gaetulicus, was executed for connections to a conspiracy.[70].
Despite financial difficulties, Caligula embarked on a number of construction projects during his reign. He was crazy both in body and mind, being subject, when a boy, to the falling sickness. Fabius Rusticus and Cluvius Rufus both wrote condemning histories on Caligula that are now lost. In Rome, another statue of himself, of colossal size, was made of gilt brass for the purpose.
The Praetorian Guard, the imperial bodyguard, intervened under its commander, a man named Macro, to make sure that the Senate chose Caligula.
According to legend, during his military actions in Britannia Caligula grew addicted to a steady diet of European sea eels, which led to their Latin name being Coluber caligulensis. [46][49] Wills that left items to Tiberius were reinterpreted to leave the items instead to Caligula.
the interests of citizens have been preserved). Additionally, given Caligula's unpopularity among the surviving sources, it is difficult to separate fact from fiction.
[50], The current and past highway commissioners were accused of incompetence and embezzlement and forced to repay money. The cause of tensions in the east was complicated, involving the spread of Greek culture, Roman Law and the rights of Jews in the empire.
In 37 C.E.
Through Agrippina, Augustus was the maternal great-grandfather of Gaius. [3], As a boy of just two or three, Gaius accompanied his father, Germanicus, on campaigns in the north of Germania.
What is the hink-pink for blue green moray?
[129] The military, though, remained loyal to the idea of imperial monarchy.[129]. [121] Caligula would mock Chaerea with names like "Priapus" and "Venus".[122]. [87] It is said that he wished to be worshipped as Neos Helios, the "New Sun". Caligula (formally known as Gaius) was the third of Ancient Rome’s emperors, who achieved feats of waste and carnage during his four-year reign (A.D. 37-41).
[83] Reportedly, he began referring to himself as a god when meeting with politicians and he was referred to as "Jupiter" on occasion in public documents. The ships were among the largest vessels in the ancient world. The bulk of what is known of Caligula comes from Suetonius and Cassius Dio. Caligula had the heads removed from various statues of gods located across Rome and replaced them with his own. [39] He had his cousin and adopted son Tiberius Gemellus executed – an act that outraged Caligula's and Gemellus's mutual grandmother Antonia Minor. [60], At Syracuse, he repaired the city walls and the temples of the gods. [34], Caligula's first acts were said to be generous in spirit, though many were political in nature.
He was 28 years old. He published the accounts of public funds, which had not been made public during the reign of Tiberius. He then has Rome's infrastructure repaired and new aqueducts built. [23] Seneca the Elder and Philo, who both wrote during Tiberius's reign, as well as Josephus, record Tiberius as dying a natural death. When Germanicus died at Antioch in 19, Agrippina returned with her six children to Rome, where she became entangled in a bitter feud with Tiberius.
[144][145] Modern historians have theorized that Caligula lived with a daily fear of seizures.
Optimisation by SEO Sheffield. [94] Flaccus tried to placate both the Greek population and Caligula by having statues of the emperor placed in Jewish synagogues. His real name was Gaius Julius Caesar Germanicus and he was born 30 miles or so south of Rome, on the coast at Antium. On Tiberius' deathbed, he has both Gemellus and Caligula brought to him and names them co-emperors of Rome. III, COS. III. [120] Caligula considered Chaerea effeminate because of a weak voice and for not being firm with tax collection.
He then has Sejanus strangled in front of him. According to Wilkinson, Caligula's use of precious metals to mint coins throughout his principate indicates that the treasury most likely never fell into bankruptcy. His uncle Claudius was spared only because Caligula preferred to keep him as a laughing stock. Agrippina was banished by Caligula for her connection to Marcus Lepidus, who conspired against him. She is said to have committed suicide, although Suetonius hints that Caligula actually poisoned her.
[69], Soon after his break with the Senate, Caligula faced a number of additional conspiracies against him.
[95] As a result, riots broke out in the city. [97], In 39, Agrippa accused Herod Antipas, the tetrarch of Galilee and Perea, of planning a rebellion against Roman rule with the help of Parthia. [50] Centurions who had acquired property by plunder were forced to turn over spoils to the state. [70] The inheritance of Nero, Agrippina's son and the future emperor, was seized by Caligula.
Germanicus' uncle and adoptive father, Tiberius, succeeded Augustus as emperor of Rome in AD 14.
A handful of other sources add a limited perspective on Caligula. [61] He had planned to rebuild the palace of Polycrates at Samos, to finish the temple of Didymaean Apollo at Ephesus and to found a city high up in the Alps. A group of officers organised a plot with the surreptitious support of some Senators and on January 24th, 41 the emperor was cornered and stabbed to death at the Palatine games.
and actually appointed him a priest. In Rome, another statue of himself, of colossal size, was made of gilt brass for the purpose.
[72] Pliny claims that division was the work of Caligula, but Dio states that in 42 an uprising took place, which was subdued by Gaius Suetonius Paulinus and Gnaeus Hosidius Geta, and the division only took place after this. [71] Mauretania was annexed by Caligula and subsequently divided into two provinces, Mauretania Tingitana and Mauretania Caesariensis, separated by the river Malua. [94] Flaccus tried to placate both the Greek population and Caligula by having statues of the emperor placed in Jewish synagogues. Cassius Dio's work is invaluable because it alone gives a loose chronology of Caligula's reign. [142] According to Josephus, power made Caligula incredibly conceited and led him to think he was a god.
Publishing Editor. [77] The few primary sources disagree on what precisely occurred. He had his father-in-law Marcus Junius Silanus and his brother-in-law Marcus Lepidus executed as well. She is named after Drusilla. Claudius (/ ˈ k l ɔː d i ə s / KLAW-dee-əs; Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus; 1 August 10 BC – 13 October AD 54) was Roman emperor from AD 41 to 54. If you're still haven't solved the crossword clue Caligula's predecessor as then why not search our database by the letters you have already! Uncomfortable with lingering imperial support, the assassins sought out and killed Caligula's wife, Caesonia, and killed their young daughter, Julia Drusilla, by smashing her head against a wall.
[148] Caligula reportedly talked to the full moon:[69] Epilepsy was long associated with the moon. [100] Jews were angered by the erection of a clay altar and destroyed it. [57] He had new roads built and pushed to keep roads in good condition. A few of the contemporaneous historians are known by name. The smaller ship was designed as a temple dedicated to Diana. In 28, Drusus, the son of Tiberius, dies to unknown causes and Tiberius is forced to find a new heir to the throne to be his successor. The situation had escalated when, in 40, Caligula announced to the Senate that he planned to leave Rome permanently and to move to Alexandria in Egypt, where he hoped to be worshipped as a living god.
[3] Gaius had two older brothers, Nero and Drusus,[3] as well as three younger sisters, Agrippina the Younger, Julia Drusilla and Julia Livilla.
[8], Suetonius claims that Germanicus was poisoned in Syria by an agent of Tiberius, who viewed Germanicus as a political rival.
Caligula has no reaction to the news. As a result thousands of people are executed or killed which bolster Rome's treasury as any property held by anyone guilty was given to the emperor. [23][26] Tacitus writes that the Praetorian Prefect, Macro, smothered Tiberius with a pillow to hasten Caligula's accession, much to the joy of the Roman people,[26] while Suetonius writes that Caligula may have carried out the killing, though this is not recorded by any other ancient historian. [102], The Governor of Syria, Publius Petronius, fearing civil war if the order were carried out, delayed implementing it for nearly a year. Mauretania was a client kingdom of Rome ruled by Ptolemy of Mauretania. M., TR. Caligula had the heads removed from various statues of gods located across Rome and replaced them with his own. Only two sources contemporary with Caligula have survived – the works of Philo and Seneca. [72] Pliny claims that division was the work of Caligula, but Dio states that in 42 an uprising took place, which was subdued by Gaius Suetonius Paulinus and Gnaeus Hosidius Geta, and the division only took place after this. This marks the failure of the Plot of Three Daggers. "[10][17], Caligula claimed to have planned to kill Tiberius with a dagger to avenge his mother and brother: however, having brought the weapon into Tiberius's bedroom he did not kill the Emperor but instead threw the dagger down on the floor. Roman gold coins excavated in Pudukottai, India, examples of Indo-Roman trade during the period.
Some modern historians think that Caligula suffered from hyperthyroidism. Claudius Successor Crossword Clue The crossword clue Claudius successor with 4 letters was last seen on the April 16, 2020. [99] Disputes occurred in the city of Jamnia. His favourite sister Julia Drusilla died in 38 of a fever: his other two sisters, Livilla and Agrippina the Younger, were exiled.
He then has Sejanus strangled in front of him.
He had his father-in-law Marcus Junius Silanus and his brother-in-law Marcus Lepidus executed as well. Morgan, "Caligula's Illness Again", CW 66(1973), 327–29. [52], However, some historians have shown scepticism towards the large number of sesterces quoted by Suetonius and Dio.
He starts ignoring his duties as emperor, and has Claudius take over his role. [110] They state he sent troops on illogical military exercises,[75][111] turned the palace into a brothel,[47] and, most famously, planned or promised to make his horse, Incitatus, a consul,[112][113] [136] Cluvius Rufus was a senator involved in the assassination of Caligula.[137].
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