Her last husband was George Talbot, 6th Earl of Shrewsbury, sometime keeper to the captive Mary, Queen of Scots. less than 16, would indicate 1527. John Hardwick, Esq., of Hardwick (abt 1470-22 Feb 1506/7), 2. Bess cut Arbella from her will and begged the Queen to take her granddaughter off her hands. In 1543, Bess married 13-year-old Robert Barley (or Barlow), heir to a neighbouring estate. John Hardwick (abt 1495-29 Jan 1527/8), Esq., of Hardwick, 10. In 1601, Bess ordered an inventory of the household furnishings, including textiles, at her three properties at Chatsworth, Hardwick, and Chelsea, which survives. Lovell, M. S. (Spring 2018). In May 1568, Mary escaped captivity in Scotland, and fled south towards England, seeking the protection of her cousin, Queen Elizabeth. Other lesser known highlights include the Ming dynasty ceramics, seventeenth and eighteenth century tester beds and intricate intarsia panels. However, Anne Gainsford was in service in the households of Anne Boleyn and Jane Seymour, and despite marrying Sir George Zouche in 1533, spent much of her time at court until after 1536, when she and Sir George made Codnor Castle their main residence. There was no issue from the marriage, which had been arranged locally, probably initially to protect the Barley patrimony and to mitigate the impact of wardship on the Barley estate should Robert succeed his father as an underage heir. An accomplished needlewoman, Bess hosted Mary at Chatsworth House for extended periods in 1569, 1570, and 1571, during which time they worked together on the Oxburgh Hangings. [citation needed] Her accumulated estates were left to her children from her second marriage.[22]. Elizabeth Talbot, Countess of Shrewsbury (c. 1521 – 13 February 1608), known as Bess of Hardwick, was the daughter of John Hardwick, of Hardwick Hall in Derbyshire and Elizabeth Leeke, daughter of Thomas Leeke and Margaret Fox. Debrett's Peerage, 1968, p.1015, E. of Shrewsbury & Waterford. [3] Her second husband was the courtier Sir William Cavendish. Arbella was at times invited to Elizabeth's court, but spent most of her time with her grandmother. Elizabeth shifted the costs of the imprisonment to Shrewsbury. In the year before Bess and the Earl of Shrewsbury were married, a political disturbance arose in Scotland, which would profoundly affect their lives. A remarkable house for a remarkable woman. The inquiry results were inconclusive; yet Elizabeth did not set Mary free.
[21], Bess joined Mary at Chatsworth for extended periods in 1569, 1570, and 1571, during which time they worked together on the Oxburgh Hangings. [26], Bess of Hardwick died at 5 pm on Saturday 13 February 1608, aged 81.
The story of the Last Lady of Hardwick is one every bit as exciting and engrossing as that of Bess, the first lady to live here. Still in her late 30s, Bess retained her looks and good health, and a number of important men began courting her.
The set of tapestries in the High Great Chamber, telling the story of Ulysses, were also brought second hand but have been in the High Great Chamber since 1601. Queen Elizabeth felt obliged to host and protect Mary, her cousin, against the rebellious Scottish lords. The child of the marriage was Arbella Stuart, who had a claim to the thrones of Scotland and England as the second cousin to King James VI of Scotland (later King James I of England), through their great-grandmother, Margaret Tudor. Now you can explore and experience Evelyn’s world for yourself. This is a set of four (originally five) hangings that all take their subject matter from worthy heroines and their virtues. She set about building her greatest monument, Hardwick New Hall, which was completed in 1599. [citation needed] On his death in 1590, Bess became Dowager Countess of Shrewsbury. Upon his death, Bess claimed the sum of his property, having insisted that his land be settled on their heirs. Four years after Bess moved into Hardwick she compiled a list of all the objects in the house, giving a unique insight into the furnishings of an Elizabethan house. Little is known of Bess's early life. Despite disinheriting Arbella and her eldest son (Henry: for aiding Arbella's escape); she later had a "lukewarm reconciliation with her granddaughter. Chief amongst these is the Sea Dog Table, a walnut table, supported by chimeras or sea dogs resting on tortoises, and partly gilded. It cannot be later than 1527 because of the date of her f James was the last surviving legitimate male member of the Hardwick family. Arbella's royal claim was never recognized. by Alison Wiggins, Alan Bryson, Daniel Starza Smith, Anke Timmermann and Graham Williams, University of Glasgow, web development by Katherine Rogers, University of Sheffield Humanities Research Institute (April 2013), This page was last edited on 9 October 2020, at 22:28. However, the English authorities were not sure how to receive her. In this match, the bride was Bess's daughter, Elizabeth Cavendish, and the groom was Charles Stuart, who was himself also the first cousin of Mary, Queen of Scots, (through their grandmother, the same Margaret Tudor). This marriage, therefore, enabled a claim to the throne for any of Bess's grandchildren born of the marriage. Hardwick contains many portraits, many of family members but the most notable amongst them is a famous portrait of Queen Elizabeth, probably from the workshop of Nicholas Hilliard that features an amazing dress covered with fantastical sea creatures. The groom was also the younger brother of Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley who had been married to Mary until his death. Sir William Cavendish died on 25 October 1557, leaving Bess widowed a second time and in deep debt to the Crown. By the mid-fifteenth century the family had risen to 'gentleman-yeoman' stock, with an estate of a few hundred acres located mainly in the parish of Ault Hucknall in the manor of Slingsby. Her first husband was Robert Barlow, who died aged about 14 or 15 on 24 December 1544. Hardwick is internationally renowned for its collections, most notably its textiles, largely sourced and collected by Bess of Hardwick in the later years of the sixteenth century.
[8] Robert died in December 1544. In 1604 Bess was involved with Anne of Denmark in an unsuccessful attempt to found a college or university at Ripon in Yorkshire. Mary reached her new residence, Tutbury Castle, in February 1569, when she was 26 years old, and would remain in the custody of Shrewsbury and Bess for 15 years. [18][19], While in the care of the earl and countess, Queen Mary lived at one or another of their many houses in the Midlands: Tutbury, Wingfield Manor, Chatsworth House,[20] and Sheffield Manor. The incredible detail on the cut velvet bed at Hardwick, The fascinating muniment room at Hardwick would have housed all the documents relating to the property and land owned by Bess, The Hardwick freize is full of symbolism and imagery, The elaborate chest in the State Withdrawing Room, Queen Elizabeth I, c. 1590, Hardwick Hall, Derbyshire, See, hear and feel the world of the ‘hands-on’ Duchess. See more ideas about Hardwick, Tudor history, English history.
less than 16, would indicate 1527. As well as fine tapestries Hardwick also has some of the finest early embroidery in the country, not least in the large scale set of embroideries known as ‘the noble women’. Amongst her purchases were the Gideon set of tapestries purchased from the estate of Sir Christopher Hatton for the huge sum of £326 15s 9d (from which £5 was deducted because Bess had to change the Hatton coat of arms to her own). Her new husband, George Talbot, 6th Earl of Shrewsbury, was one of the premier aristocrats of the realm, and the father of seven children by his first marriage. Elizabeth Hardwick was the daughter of John Hardwick of Derbyshire by his wife Elizabeth Leeke, daughter of Thomas Leeke and Margaret Fox. We would like to express to you our deepest thanks for your contribution. Rebel Scottish lords rose up against Mary, Queen of Scots, imprisoned her, and forced her to abdicate in favour of her one-year-old infant son, James. [7], It was not until Mary was removed to another keeper, Sir Amias Paulet, that she got into the trouble that would lead ultimately to her execution. Bess had great intelligence and ambition, and was married four times. Indeed, two of his children were married to two of hers in a double ceremony in February 1568: Bess's daughter Mary Cavendish, aged 12, was given in marriage to Shrewsbury's eldest son Gilbert, aged 16; while Bess's son, Sir Henry Cavendish, aged 18, married Shrewsbury's daughter Lady Grace Talbot, aged 8.
It is thought that the marriage took place late May 1543, shortly before the death of Robert's father on 28 May.
The wedding took place at two o'clock in the morning, at the home of the Grey family, friends of the couple. The eight children of the marriage, two of whom died in infancy, were as follows::[10].
Due to the Lennox family's claim to the throne, the marriage was considered potentially treasonable, since Queen Elizabeth's consent had not been obtained. Each time she married, she improved her circumstances until she became one of the richest women in England. The marriage ceremony took place without the knowledge of Shrewsbury, who, though well aware of the suggested match some time prior to this event, declined to accept any responsibility. The scheme was promoted by Cecily Sandys, the widow of the Bishop Edwin Sandys. When he died without male issue in 1564/5, in suspicious circumstances (probably poisoned by his younger brother),[15] he left everything to Bess, to the detriment of his daughters and brother.
The blazon is: Argent, a saltier engrailed azure on a chief of the second three cinquefoils of the first.
It was recorded that Mary would use the couple's insecurities against each other, even convincing Talbot that Bess was stealing. She lived mostly at Hardwicke, where she built the new mansion Hardwick Hall, which inspired the rhyme, "Hardwick Hall, more glass than wall", because of the number and size of its windows.
These pieces were made by professional embroiderers while Bess lived at Chatsworth and are made out of a patchwork of pieces of velvet, cloth of gold and figured silk, part cut out of medieval church vestments. On 20 August 1547, Bess married the twice-widowed Sir William Cavendish', Treasurer of the King's Chamber,[7] and became Lady Cavendish. The Hardwicks had arrived in Derbyshire from Sussex by the mid-thirteenth century, and farmed land granted by Robert Savage, lord of the manor of Slingsby, on the north-east border of Derbyshire, looking over Nottinghamshire.
[22] The monument with effigy survives, having been saved from the former demolished building. Full of architectural and artistic delights from Elizabethan embroidery to Forties furnishing, a walk through the Hall is always an enjoyable experience. Bess was a shrewd business woman, increasing her assets with business interests including mines and glass-making workshops. Despite a lack of evidence, it is possible – but no more than that – that at some point, perhaps after the death of her first husband, she entered the service of the Zouches at Codnor Castle in Derbyshire. We use cookies to provide you with a better service. Mary seems to have aggravated, if not created, their problems by playing them off against each other. Although we don't know how they were originally displayed, their survival is a testament to the high quality of the embroidery work and significance of their royal maker. Four years after Bess moved into Hardwick she compiled a list of all the objects in the house, giving a unique insight into the furnishings of an Elizabethan house. However, there is no evidence to support the story, and Dugdale would have known much more about the early life of Lady Zouche than was known of Bess's origins. Previous to the Queen's change in custody, Shrewsbury and Bess separated for good. Discover the history of Hardwick and the woman who created it. [14] On 6 February her body was placed in a vault in All Saints Church, Derby, then the parish church of that city (demolished 1723 and rebuilt, since 1927 Derby Cathedral), under an elaborate monument with a laudatory inscription which she took care to put up in her lifetime. It remains possible that she met Sir William elsewhere, possibly at Codnor.
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