Dementia with Lewy bodies. The overactivation and recruitment of microglia in Alzheimer’s disease is due to accumulation of amyloid-β proteins, which further activate microglia through neuronal damage. Elucidating the role of TREM2 in Alzheimer’s Disease. Location, Location, Location: Microglia Are Where They Live, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2017.07.005.
Microglial cells are responsible for surveying brain and spinal cord (invertebrates and vertebrates), in protection from pathogens and injury, phagocytosis, and cytotoxicity and immune homeostasis (Garden and Moller, 2006). Local cues establish and maintain region-specific phenotypes of basal ganglia microglia. Moreover, early symptoms of PD, like sleep disorder, depression and autonomic nervous dysfunction, which are developed before emergence of motor impairment, are related to LC neuronal degeneration (Espay et al., 2014). (2017).
FTLD and AD show microglial activation pattern that reflects the distribution of the pathology of both diseases. Microglia patrol the brain parenchyma via continuous process extension and retraction and are also capable of transitioning from a ramified to an amoeboid morphology, a feature consistent with cell activation. J. Neurosci.
6, 333–341. Another promising target to prevent microglial-related inflammatory response is COX2. A., Munoz, A., Rey, P., Guerra, M. J., and Labandeira-Garcia, J. L. (2007). Replacement of brain-resident myeloid cells does not alter cerebral amyloid-beta deposition in mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease. Clin. Sci. Targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome-related pathways via tianeptine treatment-suppressed microglia polarization to the M1 phenotype in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cultures.
Copyright © 2003 - 2020 - UKEssays is a trading name of All Answers Ltd, a company registered in England and Wales. U.S.A. 110, 1941–1946. Aging 34, 2077.e11–2077.e18. (2010). 3, 411–419. J. Leukoc. Pharmacol.
doi: 10.1006/nbdi.2000.0289, Hickman, S. E., and El Khoury, J. Furthermore, microglia also has the ability to produce antigens to activate an immune response (Gehrmann et al., 1995).
Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of UKEssays.com.
In HIV dementia, microglia function as storage cells for the virus in the brain. G. Stoll, S. Jander, in Reference Module in Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Psychology, 2017. Neurology 38, 1285–1291. 61, 627–644. Administration of CSF1R inhibitors results in the rapid elimination of microglia from the adult brain within 7 days of continuous treatment ~80… Demyelinating activity in multiple sclerosis and in its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, is largely attributable to phagocytically active macrophages. Suppl. Neuron-released oligomeric alpha-synuclein is an endogenous agonist of TLR2 for paracrine activation of microglia. Box 1. (2017). (2007). In addition, the complement component 3 (C3), which plays a central role in the complement system, has been shown to be upregulated in AD, increasing microglial phagocytic capacity (Lian et al., 2016). Neurodegener. The microglial sensome is a relatively new biological concept that appears to be playing a large role in neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration. Front. The view that parenchymal microglia are bone marrow derived has been challenged. Trends Mol. J. Neuroinflammation 8:137. doi: 10.1186/1742-2094-8-137, Edison, P., Archer, H. A., Gerhard, A., Hinz, R., Pavese, N., Turkheimer, F. E., et al. Role of neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration: new insights.
Suppl. Neurosci. doi: 10.1038/156018b0, Feinstein, D. L., Heneka, M. T., Gavrilyuk, V., Dello Russo, C., Weinberg, G., and Galea, E. (2002). J. Neuroinflammation 12:108. doi: 10.1186/s12974-015-0236-5, Zhang, X., Dong, H., Zhang, S., Lu, S., Sun, J., and Qian, Y.
Occurrence of HLA-DR reactive microglia in Alzheimer’s disease.
Biol.
(2017). However, and despite of these differences, some similarities can be found in microglial activation linked to the inflammatory response elicited in the neurological disorders described in the review.
Glia 61, 349–360. Evaluation of the functional recovery of the spinal cord in spinal cord injury rats between, Previous studies have reported that various compounds exert the anti-inflammatory activity in.
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