It became the first rapid-firing weapon deployed as standard equipment by any army in a major conflict. A mitrailleuse (French pronunciation: [mitʁajøz]; from French mitraille, "grapeshot") is a type of volley gun with multiple barrels of rifle calibre that can fire either multiple rounds at once, or several in rapid succession. Deuxieme partie : "Service du Canon a Balles",163 pages, Ministere de la Guerre, PARIS, Imprimerie Nationale, 1875. For the most part, however, mitrailleuses proved ineffective. La mitrailleuse Montigny ou Montigny-Fafschamps, également appelé mitrailleur Christophe de Montigny [1], fabriquée en Belgique, précéda le canon à balles ou mitrailleuse Reffye fabriquée en France . When firing the mitrailleuse, three breech blocks were kept in continuous use: one being fired, one being pressed down on the extractor and one being loaded from a single pre-packaged 25-round box. They were characterized by a number of rifled barrels clustered together and mounted on a conventional artillery chassis or (in the case of one model) a tripod. Although innovative and capable of good ballistic performance, the Reffye mitrailleuse failed as a tactical weapon because its basic concept and operational usage were flawed. Smaller numbers of other designs, including the Gatling gun, were also purchased by the French government during the latter part of that conflict. Similar incidents involving the Reffye mitrailleuse are reported to have taken place at the Caserne Lobau, a barracks in the center of Paris. [1][3] The whole weapon was very heavy, weighing 2,000 pounds (910 kg).
Hence the weapon is usually known as the "Reffye mitrailleuse". The lateral sweep was narrow, however, thus most effective at far distances only.
To avoid being hit by Dreyse rifle fire, the mitrailleuse batteries were systematically deployed beyond about 1,400 m (1,500 yards) from the Prussian lines. In Dutch-speaking parts of Belgium, however, the word mitrailleur is rarely used, largely because it is regarded as poor French. Such was the secrecy surrounding the weapon that not only did few artillery commanders know how to deploy it effectively, many did not even know that it existed. Although the maximum range of the mitrailleuses was 3,400 m (3,700 yards), the distances at which they were typically engaged rarely exceeded 2,000 m (2100 yards) which was less than the reach of French field artillery. Assembly and some manufacturing took place at the workshops in Meudon but many parts came from the private industrial sector. Experiments to evaluate the weapon began in 1863 in a French facility near Paris but the decision was made to build a similar weapon by sole French means. The outbreak of war with Prussia on 15 July 1870 led to a somewhat chaotic mobilization of the French Army.
Prototype and drawings, Privately developed and used primarily by the Belgian Army, Widely used by the French Army during the Franco-Prussian War, Two circular rings (18 in the outer ring, 12 in the inner), Tripod-mounted, unlike the other carriage-mounted variants. Section of the 25-barrel Reffye mitrailleuse ("Canon à balles"). Again it is unlikely that those were French mitrailleuses since Reffye mitrailleuses had never been sold as surplus to third parties at any time, either by France or by Germany. The sustainable firing rate of the Reffye mitrailleuse was 100 rounds per minute.
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