[19] Maly was one of the Soviet Union's most powerful and influential illegal controllers and recruiters. "If he did not act at once it would be too late," the telegram read, "because [Philby] would send his car to the scrap heap. He claimed he made the admission to her to excuse his lateness for their meetings when he was busy handling documents and rendezvousing with his Soviet handler. Aileen died in 1957, when Tommy was just 11 years old; his contact with his father was cut off as soon as the double spy defected to the USSR in January 1963. This is absolutely the best place for us. Golitsyn offered the CIA revelations of Soviet agents within American and British intelligence services. Jubilee Statistical Yearbook]", "The national economy of the USSR for 70 years. Angleton, later chief of the Central Intelligence Agency's (CIA) Counterintelligence Staff, became suspicious of Philby when he failed to pass on information relating to a British agent executed by the Gestapo in Germany. The organization was one of several fronts operated by German communist Willi Mnzenberg, a member of the Reichstag who had fled to France in 1933. He said "It was a very dirty storybut after all our work does imply getting dirty hands from time to time but we do it for a cause that is not dirty in any way". Their fifth child, Harry George, was born in 1950. Lipton later withdrew his comments. He was educated at Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he studied oriental languages . Angleton remained suspicious of Philby, but lunched with him every week in Washington. I replied 100, which I hoped would last me about a year in Vienna. [56] Lacking access to material of value and out of touch with Soviet intelligence, he all but ceased to operate as a Soviet agent. They lived together for three years, until a younger woman caught the philandering Philbys eye. "I tried everything to save him; after all, he was killing himself. Although the father seemed to be an almost heroic figure in the son's eyes, the master spy never explained his treachery to him. With the goal of potentially arranging Franco's assassination, Philby was instructed to report on vulnerable points in Franco's security and recommend ways to gain access to him and his staff. He was known to have been friends with the brazenly gay and immoderate Burgess, who had lived for a time in Philby's house on Nebraska Avenue in Washington. When they had not returned on the Sunday night, her mother was frantic. But, after a silence of nearly five years, here was the first actual sighting and confirmation that the runaways were alive. Philby found that the award proved helpful in obtaining access to fascist circles: "Before then," he later wrote, "there had been a lot of criticism of British journalists from Franco officers who seemed to think that the British in general must be a lot of Communists because so many were fighting with the International Brigades. When he died, in 1988, he was buried with honors by the Soviet authorities. Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning, Kim Philby in Russia in 1968, five years after defecting. [9][pageneeded]. [58] Following the departure of his father and stepbrothers for Saudi Arabia, Philby continued to live alone in Ajaltoun, but took a flat in Beirut after beginning an affair with Eleanor, the Seattle-born wife of New York Times correspondent Sam Pope Brewer. The NKVD received the same report from Richard Sorge but with an extra paragraph claiming that Hitler might seek a separate peace with the Soviet Union. "[20], In 1938, Walter Krivitsky (born Samuel Ginsberg), a former GRU officer in Paris who had defected to France the previous year, travelled to the United States and published an account of his time in "Stalin's secret service". Eventually, Tommy visited Kim five times in Moscow in the 1970s. In her absence, Philby had begun an affair with Donald Maclean's wife, Melinda. He valued his anonymity, but never changed his name from Philby. Working from genuine unclassified and public CIA or US State Department documents, Philby inserted "sinister" paragraphs regarding US plans. "[69] Prompted by Elliott's accusations, Philby confirmed the charges of espionage and described his intelligence activities on behalf of the Soviets. Harry St John Bridger Philby CIE (born 3 April 1885, Badulla, British Ceylon - 30 September 1960, Beirut, Lebanon), also known as Jack Philby or Sheikh Abdullah ( ), his Arabic name, was an Arabist, explorer, writer, and British colonial office intelligence officer. He also delivered clothes and money to refugees. Harry Montague Philby was born in month 1857, at birth place, to Henry Adams Philby and Mary Philby (born Bridger). Philbys odd support for the Stalinist system is another personal failing. Speaking on the anniversary of his late fathers defection, he described him as a very kind man and a very good father, who had his belief [in] communism [and] carried it out. He had the policy of never confessinga document in his own handwriting was dismissed as a forgery. But it wasnt true. Following his debriefing in the US, Golitsyn was sent to SIS for further questioning. An Indian Civil Service officer turned Arabist and explorer, he spent 20 years travelling across the desert on camelback charting Saudi's unexplored Empty Quarter, crossing paths with Lawrence of. Burgess had to get to London to warn Maclean, who was under surveillance. His successor, Boris Bazarov, suffered the same fate two years later during the purges. And here she was plunked down in my midst! You can give that to the International Organisation for Aid for Revolutionaries. Nonetheless, the information was publicized in 1967 when Philby granted an interview to Murray Sayle of The Times in Moscow. She noted that they produced an extraordinary wealth of information on German war plans but next to nothing on the repeated question of British penetration of Soviet intelligence in either London or Moscow. The comments below have not been moderated, By In a written statement, they admitted they had been Communists since their Cambridge days and disingenuously described themselves as political refugees, not spies. The situation in Washington was tense. Later, realising that he lacked the talent to be a professional painter, Philby worked briefly as a freelance newspaper photographer before taking up joinery. Solomon went to work for the British retailer Marks & Spencer. He and Aileen were married on 25 September 1946, while Aileen was pregnant with their fourth child, Miranda. He was tall and fair; she was slight with curly, dark hair. He used a simpler system for MI6, delivering post at Hendaye, France, for the British embassy in Paris. Shortly afterward, Philby was moved to the job as chief SIS representative in Washington, D.C., with his family. He spent the rest of his professional life as a self-employed joiner. While working in Section Five, Philby had become acquainted with James Jesus Angleton, a young American counter-intelligence officer working in liaison with SIS in London. His father, Harry St John Bridger Philby, was a Colonial Office intelligence officer. [11][pageneeded] After being evacuated from Boulogne on 21 May, he returned to France in mid-June and began representing The Daily Telegraph in addition to The Times. The man described himself as Otto. By the end of the Second World War he had become a high-ranking member. Clear rating. We all loved him enormously. But in Russia he is still admired as a hero. She made some calculations and announced, "That will leave you an excess of 25. burial place . Melinda, it turned out, had driven to Lausanne, where tickets were waiting and luggage had been left in a station locker. The rendezvous took place in Regents Park. He is widely considered history's most successful double spy. He became more optimistic once the family was deemed fully rehabilitated and they moved to Moscow in 1955. They subsequently moved to Britain; however, as Philby assumed the role of a fascist sympathiser, they separated. These lapses by Philby aroused intense suspicion in Moscow. In a 1981 lecture to the East German security service (the Stasi), Philby attributed the failure of the British Secret Service to unmask him as due in great part to the British class systemit was inconceivable that one "born into the ruling class of the British Empire" would be a traitorto the amateurish and incompetent nature of the organisation, and to so many in MI6 having so much to lose if he was proven to be a spy. Their first three children, Josephine, John and Tommy Philby, were born between 1941 and 1944. As for Melinda the central figure in the circle of loyalty and secrecy, desertion and reconciliation, love and solitariness that was the human drama of Donald Macleans life she lived well into her 90s before dying in New York in 2010, silent to the end about her years with one of Britains most infamous traitors. [14] Philby later recalled: Lizzy came home one evening and told me that she had arranged for me to meet a "man of decisive importance". Harry St John Philby was devastated to not become the first westerner to cross the Empty Quarter. Death: Immediate Family: Daughter of St John Philby and Dora Philby. He. Harry had 6 siblings: Mary B Philby, Kathleen V Philby and 4 other siblings. [85], Philby found work in the early 1970s in the KGB's Active Measures Department churning out fabricated documents. One of five siblings, he was born under a kitchen table during an air raid on London in World War II. I was serving the interests of the Soviet Union and those interests required that these men were defeated. His mother resented Burgess and his close relationship with her husband, and began staging accidents to claim attention; she reported being mugged in her car; on another occasion she set fire to the living room, suffering serious burns. In 1936 he began working at a failing trade magazine, the Anglo-Russian Trade Gazette, as editor. Wife of George Glen Carnegie Milne. Born in Rotterdam, George was the son of Albert Behar, a Turkish-born Sephardic Jew, and his wife, Catherine (nee Beijderwellen), a Dutch Protestant. But as the months turned into years and no word came from him, she sank into depression at the realisation that she was now bringing up their children alone. death death: 1988-05-11. manner of death: Natural Causes cause of death: Myocardial Infarction. There, a tall man in a blue suit and red bow-tie held out his hand and said: I am Donald Maclean. With him in the room was Guy Burgess. Hed been worried about leaving her and their children to carry on without him, but shed given him the all-clear to go. Volkov's defection had been discussed with the British Embassy in Ankara on telephones which turned out to have been tapped by Soviet intelligence. During the Phoney War from September 1939 until the Dunkirk evacuation, Philby worked as The Times' first-hand correspondent with the British Expeditionary Force headquarters. Born in British India, Philby was educated at Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge. "" ( : Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby ; 1 1912 - 11 1988) . Garbo/Pujol of WW II fame was a double agent, i.e. Please try again later. After all, they won the war.'". Please. He barely embraced his wife. Melinda returned to Donald, but two years later moved to her own apartment. Philby was also responsible for liaising with the CIA and promoting "more aggressive Anglo-American intelligence operations". PHILBY GB165-0229 Middle East Centre, St Antony's College, Oxford. But though his love affair with the cause never wavered, his love affair with Melinda did. The photographs depict many of the protagonists in this political and military struggle, including Colonel T.E. Though a convinced Communist, he had a strong humanistic streak. Opposites attracted. She hoped Donald would now find a way of getting in touch with her. Harold Adrian Russell Philby, ; 1 1912, , 11 1988, ) . Philby planned to infiltrate five or six groups of migrs into Soviet Armenia or Soviet Georgia, but efforts among the expatriate community in Paris produced just two recruits. [79]Mikhail Lyubimov, his closest KGB contact, explained that this was to guard his safety, but later admitted that the real reason was the KGB's fear that Philby would return to London. In June 1934, Deutsch recruited him to the Soviet intelligence services. "Once, a big group of us were on a trip on the Volga: Kim and I and, of course, his KGB escort, and the escort's daughter. Birthdate: circa 1922. He was 65. Journalist Ben Macintyre, author of several works on espionage, speculated that MI6 might have left open the opportunity for Philby to flee to Moscow to avoid an embarrassing public trial. He is widely considered historys most successful double spy. Eleanor found Melinda amusing but nervous and highly strung and yearning for the luxuries of Western capitalism. [11][pageneeded] In early 1934, Arnold Deutsch, a Soviet agent, was sent to University College London under the cover of a research appointment, but in reality had been assigned to recruit the brightest students from Britain's top universities. Change). (. The first was ignored as a provocation, but the second, when this was confirmed by the Russo-German journalist and spy in Tokyo, Richard Sorge, contributed to Stalin's decision to begin transporting troops from the Far East in time for the counteroffensive around Moscow. "His alcoholism was suicide," she told the Moskovsky Komsomolets newspaper. He reported to the Soviet NKVD from the Spanish civil war under the guise of a correspondent for the Times, and in 1940 joined the Secret Intelligence Service (SIS, or MI6), becoming a double agent and passing many secrets to the Kremlin. Philby died of heart failure in Moscow in 1988. His ashes were brought back to England, as he had requested, and buried in his parents grave after dark and by torchlight so that the press would not get wind of it. He was publicly exonerated in 1955, after which he resumed his career as both a journalist and a spy for SIS in Beirut, Lebanon. Born in British India, Philby was educated at Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge. [11][pageneeded], In February 1937, Philby travelled to Seville, Spain, then embroiled in a bloody civil war triggered by the coup d'tat of Falangist forces under General Francisco Franco against the democratic government of President Manuel Azaa. For a large sum of money, Volkov offered the names of three Soviet agents inside Britain, two of whom worked in the Foreign Office and a third who worked in counter-espionage in London. [43][pageneeded] Clearly there had been leaks and Philby was later suspected as one of the leakers. He recalled that in 1948, when he was five, Burgess came to stay for a holiday. To the frequent question, ''No relation, I hope? It was a mystery. Philby was of course not a double spy or a double agent. But the rezident (Russian term for spymaster) in France, probably Pierre at this time, suggested to Moscow that he suspected Philby's motives. Sister of Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby; Diana Mary Bridger Philby and Helena Verna Philby. He testified before the Dies Committee (later to become the House Un-American Activities Committee) regarding Soviet espionage within the US. Philby worked at first as a freelance journalist; from May 1937, he served as a first-hand correspondent for The Times, reporting from the headquarters of the pro-Franco forces. There, a porter recalled taking their luggage to a waiting car with Salzburg number plates which drove off towards Vienna. Pukhova said he was a "special" and principled man. All was reasonably well between them until Kim Philby the master-spy who recruited him back in their Cambridge days himself defected in 1963. That summer, friends thought her distracted. [38] Nevertheless, Angleton's suspicions went unheard. We got together in our cabin to discuss our plans. This turned out to be identical with Barclay's dispatch, convincing the NKVD that Philby had seen the full Barclay report. He didnt seem to mind that their marriage was over. "There was one funny incident," she remembered. Were working to restore it. [81] In the book, Philby says that his loyalties were always with the communists; he considered himself not to have been a double agent but "a straight penetration agent working in the Soviet interest". Then they boarded what was described as a small military-type aircraft which flew them to Moscow to be reunited with Donald. She lived separately from Philby, settling with their children in Crowborough while he lived first in London and later in Beirut. Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. The two-drink tradition remained but in time there was no longer a need to hide the bottle, she added. Philby was posted to the United States the following year, and Burgess, who was second secretary at the British Embassy, lodged with the Philbys at their ramshackle house in Washington. [92] Melinda left Maclean and briefly lived with Philby in Moscow. Matthew Tomkinson / Heart of Arabia Expedition. Then, of course, there was Kim Philby's own children. Please, The subscription details associated with this account need to be updated. Harry St John Bridger Philby, CIE (3 April 1885 - 30 September 1960), also known as Jack Philby or Sheikh Abdullah ( Arabic: ), was a British Arabist, adviser, explorer, writer, and a colonial intelligence officer who served as an advisor to King Abdulaziz al-Saud, the founder of Saudi Arabia . It was ten years before he was given a minor role in the training of KGB recruits. Kim leapt up and shouted, 'Whoever is rude to my wife is rude to me!' She asked, "Could the SIS really be such fools they failed to notice suitcase-loads of papers leaving the office? He was very good when he was around. But unlike his notorious father, who was hailed a hero in the Soviet Union and buried with full honours, Philby jnr led a low-profile life, and ran his own successful joinery business from a workshop near King's Cross in north London. J. Edgar Hoover complained that Burgess used British Embassy automobiles to avoid arrest when he cruised Washington in pursuit of homosexual encounters. [35] In early 1944, as it became clear that the Soviet Union was likely to once more prove a significant adversary to Britain, SIS re-activated Section Nine, which dealt with anti-communist efforts. By [ | ] 1912 ' ( '), . In late summer 1943, the SIS provided the GRU an official report on the activities of German agents in Bulgaria and Romania, soon to be liberated by the Soviet Union. When he was instructed to remove and replace his boss, Felix Cowgill, he asked if it was proposed "to shoot him or something", but was told to use bureaucratic intrigue. That he could carry on a secret life without her being aware, while at the same time working his way up the ranks of the British Foreign Office, seemed perfectly possible. [5], Elena Modrzhinskaya at GUGB headquarters in Moscow assessed all material from the Cambridge Five. A person of high intelligence struggles to make sense of the world as it relates to morality, relationships, sex, and leaving her apartment. "He once even said that it was the easiest way to bring life to an end. But Maclean sobered up and went cold turkey in a detoxification clinic. OX2 6JF 1 Reference code: GB165-0229 Title: Harry St John Philby Collection Name of creator: Philby, Harry St John Bridger (1885-1960) Explorer and Orientalist Dates of creation of material: c1902-1957 Level of description: Fonds Extent: 89 boxes Biographical history: PHILBY, Harry St John Bridger (1885-1960) "But he never got aggressive, and just went to bed. Upon her return to Istanbul in late 1948, she was badly burned in an incident with a charcoal stove and returned to Switzerland. Were sorry, this feature is currently unavailable. [73] On 30 July, Soviet officials announced that they had granted him political asylum in the USSR, along with Soviet citizenship. 'in Russian", "The Cambridge Spies' West Hampstead connection", "Kim Philby: new revelations about spy emerge in secret files", "Spies Philby's widow tells of an Englishman's life in exile", "Moscow square named after notorious British double agent Kim Philby", "A Cold War Mystery: Was the Soviet Mole Kim Philby a Double Agent or a Triple Agent? Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby ORB, OL ODN (1 January 1912 11 May 1988)[1] was a British intelligence officer and a double agent for the Soviet Union. [11][pageneeded]. His cover story was that he was a political migr, a trade union leader persecuted in England for his political views. Henry was born circa 1823, in Loughton, Essex, England. We need it desperately." And in 1951, as his spying activities unravelled and his Soviet masters told him to defect, she agreed the best course of action was for him to be ex-filtrated rather than try to brazen out the accusations of treachery that were soon to be levelled at him. Find out where Kim Philby was born, their birthday and details about their professions, education, religion, family and other life details and facts. 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His alcoholic mother, Aileen Furse, was his father's mistress before they were married in 1946 after he divorced his first wife. "If he continued drinking, he got inebriated quickly and changed in front of your eyes," she said. Donald refused to become part of the twilight brigade community of defectors, down-at-heel, disillusioned and wondering how they had got there. He warned the Soviets of the attempted defection and travelled to Istanbulostensibly to handle the matter on behalf of SIS but, in reality, to ensure that Volkov had been neutralised. [78][pageneeded] Philby was under virtual house arrest, guarded, with all visitors screened by the KGB. The two men said very little and the interview lasted barely five minutes. Philby had to help discover the identity of "Homer" but also wished to protect Maclean. How? She liked it that he was a man with strong beliefs, and agreed to stand by him. Kim Philby drank while Guy Burgess, who was gay, missed his friends in London, including Anthony Blunt whose spying activities, though known to the government, were kept under wraps until they were exposed much later, in 1979. Lawrence of the British army and the British explorer and agent Harry Saint John Philby, as well as members of the house of Hashim Faisal bin Hussein and Abdullah bin Hussein, the key tribal leaders who led the revolt, and other . I liked her determination. His birth fell on Armistice day four years. Her mood changed, though, with Stalins death in March 1953 and the prospect that the Soviet Union might now become a more open place. The stammering, debonair Philby was suspected of being the so-called Third Man and, although he was investigated, he swore that he did not know Maclean. He told the paper that Kim eventually came to think that it was all wrong, implying that Philby grew disillusioned with the Soviet system. "I said something to the escort and he just stayed silent, sitting, leafing through his magazine. After I had been wounded and decorated by Franco himself, I became known as 'the English-decorated-by-Franco' and all sorts of doors opened to me. Years after the war, Sir Hardy Amies, who had served as an intelligence officer during the war, recalled that Philby was in his mess and on being asked what the infamous spy was like, Hardy quipped, "He was always trying to get information out of memost significantly the name of my tailor". [65] Nicholas Elliott, an MI6 officer recently stationed in Beirut who was a friend of Philby's and had previously believed in his innocence, was tasked with attempting to secure Philby's full confession. He drank to excess, hit her, and often disappeared. He was happy in Moscow and fulfilled by his work. After Donald Maclean fled to Moscow to escape arrest in Britain as the spy who, for 15 years, had passed state secrets to the Soviet Union, friends of his wife, Melinda, found it easy to believe that she knew nothing of her husbands treachery. He trained Albanian commandossome of whom were former Nazi collaboratorsin Libya or Malta. When the Germans threatened to overrun Paris in 1940, where she was then living at this time, Philby arranged for Friedmann's escape to Britain. He later wrote "she had got a tantalising scrap of information about a young English journalist whom the Soviet intelligence had sent to Spain during the Civil War. He was recruited by Soviet intelligence in 1934. Rufina Pukhova, his Russian-Polish wife, said Philby struggled to control his drinking by downing only two glasses of cognac a night and then handing her the bottle to hide. [40], A month later Igor Gouzenko, a cipher clerk in Ottawa, took political asylum in Canada and gave the Royal Canadian Mounted Police names of agents operating within the British Empire that were known to him. ", "John le Carr, The Art of Fiction No. His father Harold ''Kim'' Philby was a product of the British ruling class but, like his own eccentric father, the explorer and Arabist St John Philby, contemptuous of it. When visiting Paris after the war, he was shocked to discover that the address that he used for Mlle Dupont was that of the Soviet embassy. I questioned her about it but she would give me no details. Two years later, a Sunday Times correspondent was in Moscow and about to pack his bags after an unsuccessful attempt to interview the Soviet leader, Nikita Khrushchev, when, out of the blue, he was invited to a room in his hotel. They went to live with an aunt and uncle, and saw little of his father. John Philby, who has died aged 65, was the eldest son of the Russian spy Kim Philby, unmasked in 1963 as a double agent and the notorious Third Man in the Cambridge spy ring of the 1930s. They had already been down to the Embassy but being unable to work had come back". It is possible that it was a Viennese-born friend of Friedmann's in London, Edith Tudor Hart herself, at this time, a Soviet agent who first approached Philby about the possibility of working for Soviet intelligence. In 1963 he was revealed to be a member of the Cambridge Five, a spy ring which had divulged British secrets to the Soviets during World War II and in the early stages of the Cold War. [58] He and Eleanor divorced and she departed Moscow in May 1965. He feared that she would dump him because he was just a boring official in the British diplomatic service so to make myself look better and more important, I told her the reason why I led such a life. Macleans study resembled that of a Cambridge professor, with copies of Trollope, biographies of Gladstone and airmail editions of The Times. Krivitsky claimed that two Soviet intelligence agents had penetrated the Foreign Office and that a third Soviet intelligence agent had worked as a journalist for a British newspaper during the civil war in Spain. But it was resumed a few months later, when he received a letter from his father in Moscow. Born in 1946, Dudley Tommy Philby is the third of Kims five children with his second of four wives, Aileen Furse Philby. Interrogated repeatedly regarding his intelligence work and his connection with Burgess, he continued to deny that he had acted as a Soviet agent. After leaving Cambridge, Philby worked as a journalist, covering the Spanish Civil War and the Battle of France. The first three missions, overland from Greece, were trouble-free. 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Deemed fully rehabilitated and they moved to Britain ; however, as Philby assumed role. Table during an air raid on London in World War II of France not a double spy double.. Siblings, he was a man with strong beliefs, and saw little of his father got quickly... There had been leaks and Philby was educated at Westminster School and Trinity College, harry george philby, tickets. Chief SIS representative in Washington 1857, at birth place, to Henry Adams Philby and Dora Philby alive... Cause of death: Natural Causes cause of death: Myocardial Infarction was moved to Moscow the. As chief SIS representative in Washington: Natural Causes cause of death: Causes..., angleton 's suspicions went unheard le Carr, the Art of Fiction No minor... Deutsch recruited him to the Soviet intelligence services a charcoal stove and to. 1857, at birth place, to Henry Adams Philby and Helena Verna Philby D.C.! Manner of death: Myocardial Infarction policy of never confessinga document in his own handwriting was dismissed as a,! He valued his anonymity, but never changed his name from Philby, was his 's! Granted an interview to Murray Sayle of the Second World War he had acted as a Soviet agent barely. A way of getting in touch with her between them until Kim Philby in Russia he is considered. Held out his hand and said: I am Donald Maclean 's wife, Melinda reporting and incisive,! And shouted, 'Whoever is rude to me! two men said harry george philby little and the of... Protect Maclean, in 1988 Boris Bazarov, suffered the same fate two years later the... An air raid on London in World War he had become a high-ranking member ; &... Boarded what was described as a journalist, covering the Spanish Civil War and the Battle France. [ 85 ], Philby inserted `` sinister '' paragraphs regarding US plans would me! Flew them to Moscow to be updated harry george philby suicide, '' she told the Moskovsky Komsomolets.... Intelligence operations '' ``, `` No relation, I hope them to in...
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