But despite the statement, the UVF was subsequently involved in sporadic violence, including several murders. Then, use free funeral planning tools to plan out the best funeral for your loved one. [95][96], In October 2013, the policing board announced that the UVF was still heavily involved in gangsterism despite its ceasefire. [37] As the loyalist Maze commander, Spence initially also had jurisdiction over the imprisoned members of the Ulster Defence Association (UDA), although this came to an end in 1973 when, following a deterioration in relations between the two groups outside the prison walls, James Craig became the UDA's Maze commander. One of the first UVF members to be convicted of murder, Spence was a senior figure in the organisation for over a decade. Less extreme measures will be taken against anyone sheltering or helping them, but if they persist in giving them aid, then more extreme methods will be adopted. [49], On 3 May 2007, Spence read out the statement by the UVF announcing that it would keep its weapons but put them beyond the reach of ordinary members. [12] Due to his later involvement in a murder, Spence was expelled from the Orange Order and the Royal Black Institution. [37], The IRA had split into the Provisional IRA and Official IRA in December 1969. In keeping with his wishes,. It began carrying out gun attacks to kill random Catholic civilians and using car bombs to attack Catholic-owned pubs. The community centre hosting the event and 25 nearby homes were evacuated and a funeral was disrupted. It claimed the pubs were used for republican fundraising. Gusty Spence was a significant figure in loyalist Belfast for most of his life. [66] The UVF also killed senior IRA paramilitary members Liam Ryan, John 'Skipper' Burns and Larry Marley. Along with the UDA, it helped to enforce the strike by blocking roads, intimidating workers, and shutting any businesses that opened. Veteran anti-UVF campaigner Raymond McCord, whose son, Raymond Jr., a Protestant, was beaten to death by UVF men in 1997, estimates the UVF has killed more than thirty people since its 1994 ceasefire, most of them Protestants. His conviction, which he always denied, has been referred to the Criminal Cases Review Commission by his family in light of new evidence being brought forward. This development came soon after the UVF's Brigade Staff in Belfast had stood down Wright and the Portadown unit of the Mid-Ulster Brigade, on 2 August 1996, for the killing of a Catholic taxi driver near Lurgan during Drumcree disturbances. Two Ulster Unionist Assembly members, Michael McGimpsey and Mike Neabitt, were among the mourners at the funeral. In October 1975, after staging a counter-coup, the Brigade Staff acquired a new leadership of moderates with Tommy West serving as the Chief of Staff. The group is a proscribed organisation and is on the terrorist organisation list of the United Kingdom.[8]. [128] Information regarding the role of women in the UVF is limited. Spence said loyalists offered "abject and true remorse" to the loved ones of all the innocent victims of the Troubles. What's he waiting for? The 78-year-old died in hospital at the weekend after a long illness. "Shortly after he was jailed, Gusty, after a period of reflection on his own life, quickly started to challenge other loyalists coming into prison to reflect on their own lives.". [2] His brother Bobby, also a UVF member, died in October 1980 inside the Maze, a few months after the death of their brother Billy. Fifteen Catholic civilians were killed and seventeen wounded. This building had been an important training centre for members of Edward Carson's original UVF. [5] The family home was 66 Joseph Street in an area of the lower Shankill known colloquially as "the Hammer". The Mid-Ulster Brigade was also responsible for the 1975 Miami Showband killings, in which three members of the popular Irish cabaret band were shot dead at a bogus military checkpoint by gunmen in British Army uniforms. Mr Spence argued for a ceasefire with republicans from as early as the mid-1970s and played a key role in encouraging young loyalists he met in prison to think of the reasons for their involvement in violence. The loyalist leader always denied responsibility and his family are now challenging the conviction. Read about our approach to external linking. [48] When Spence's wife died three years later, he said that C Company had been responsible for her death, such was the toll that the events had taken on her health. . Mharaigh na Bistir thart ar 23 Caitliceach agus 8 Protastnach, dream dlseoir sceapatacha a d'fhuadaigh, a chiapaigh agus . In October 1994, he was chosen to read a statement from the Combined Loyalist Military Command declaring a cessation of violence and expressing abject and true remorse for the deaths caused. "He was really a role model for many young men who would follow.". Another former PUP leader, Dawn Purvis, said Spence's opinions began to shift sooner than is generally perceived. [79], In 2008, a loyalist splinter group calling itself the "Real UVF" emerged briefly to make threats against Sinn Fin in County Fermanagh. [31] Spence also took on responsibility for the restructuring, returning the UVF to the same command structure and organisational base that Edward Carson had utilised for the original UVF, with brigades, battalions, companies, platoons and sections. It issued a statement vowing to "remove republican elements from loyalist areas" and stop them "reaping financial benefit therefrom". For an online, self-service experience, please visit: But despite the statement, the UVF was subsequently involved in sporadic violence, including several murders. Human error to blame for train crash - Greek PM, At the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece. [140][141], In contrast to the IRA, overseas support for loyalist paramilitaries including the UVF has been limited. [56] The UVF's activities in the last years of the decade were increasingly being curtailed by the number of UVF members who were sent to prison. Sociologist Steven Bruce described the support networks in Canada as "the main source of support for loyalism outside the United Kingdom . Read about our approach to external linking. This collection contains Gusty Spence's personal and business correspondence from 1959-1998, the bulk of which was written during . . He also directed a significant restocking of the group's arsenal, with guns mostly taken from the security forces. Formed in 1965, it first emerged in 1966. "They are holding local communities to ransom. Another former PUP leader, Dawn Purvis, said Spence's opinions began to shift sooner than is generally perceived. He initially refused and went on to attend his daughter's wedding. "The untouchable informers facing exposure at last". [40] However, Spence's ideas were abandoned as the UVF ceasefire fell apart that same year following the Ulster Workers' Council strike and the Dublin and Monaghan bombings; the carnage of the latter had shocked and horrified Spence. On 23 October 1972, the UVF carried out an armed raid against King's Park camp, a UDR/Territorial Army depot in Lurgan. The latter had formally asked Spence for his daughter's hand in marriage during a prison visit. [153], The UVF have been implicated in drug dealing in areas from where they draw their support. [49] A political wing was formed in June 1974, the Volunteer Political Party led by UVF Chief of Staff Ken Gibson, which contested West Belfast in the October 1974 general election, polling 2,690 votes (6%). [5] He was educated at the Riddel School on Malvern Street and the Hemsworth Square school, finishing his education aged fourteen. Spence was praised by, among others, PUP leader Brian Ervine, who stated that "his contribution to the peace is incalculable". They also stated that they would retain their weaponry but put them beyond reach of normal volunteers. The report added that individuals, some current and some former members, in the group have, without the orders from above, continued to "localised recruitment", and although some continued to try and acquire weapons, including a senior member, most forms of crime had fallen, including shootings and assaults. In 1971, these ramped up their activity against the British Army and RUC. [31], The UVF had launched its first attack in the Republic of Ireland on 5 August 1969, when it bombed the RT Television Centre in Dublin. we solemnly warn the authorities to make no more speeches of appeasement. While the only echoes of Mr Spences paramilitary past were the UVF murals that dotted his funeral route, a guard of honour was formed by veterans of his old British Army regiment, the Royal Ulster Rifles. [125] Members were disciplined after they carried out an unsanctioned theft of 8 million of paintings from an estate in Co Wicklow in April 1974. [30] There were bombings on 30 March, 4 April, 20 April, 24 April and 26 April. [15], Spence claimed that he was approached in 1965 by two men, one of whom was an Ulster Unionist Party MP, who told him that the Ulster Volunteer Force was to be re-established and that he was to have responsibility for the Shankill. Its name was taken from . In June, nine UVF members were convicted of the attacks. [94] The high levels of orchestration by the leadership of the East Belfast UVF, and the alleged ignored orders from the main leaders of the UVF to stop the violence has led to fears that the East Belfast UVF has now become a separate loyalist paramilitary grouping which doesn't abide by the UVF ceasefire or the Northern Ireland Peace Process. He would go on to hold private talks with the then Taoiseach Albert Reynolds. "However he did dedicate himself to peace and reconciliation for much of his later life so he will also be remembered as a major influence in drawing loyalism away from sectarian strife," he added. In May 1966, the UVF issued a statement, announcing that it was declaring war on the IRA. Spence grew increasingly frustrated with UVF leadership, and left the organization altogether in 1978. Its first leader was Gusty Spence, a former British Army soldier from Northern Ireland.The group undertook an armed campaign of almost thirty years during The Troubles.It declared a ceasefire in 1994 and officially ended its campaign in 2007, although some of its members have . Fire also engulfed the house next door, killing the elderly Protestant widow, Matilda Gould (77), who lived there. He added: "I think it helped to set some of the tone to bring us to where we are now.". He added: "I think it helped to set some of the tone to bring us to where we are now.". Six of the victims were abducted at random, then beaten and tortured before having their throats slashed. [51] The couple had three daughters, Elizabeth (born 1954), Sandra (1956) and Catherine (1960). Augustus Andrew Spence (28 June 1933[2] 25 September 2011) was a leader of the paramilitary Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) and a leading loyalist politician in Northern Ireland. She said: "Some people have said that in his later life, he changed to become committed to peace. She said: "Some people have said that in his later life, he changed to become committed to peace. [60], In the 1980s, the UVF was greatly reduced by a series of police informers. Video, At the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece, Record numbers of guide dog volunteers after BBC story. The incumbent Chief of Staff, is alleged to be John "Bunter" Graham, referred to by Martin Dillon as "Mr. He was jailed for life for the murder of a Catholic barman in 1966 and served 18 years in prison. The family of the former UVF leader Gusty Spence is planning a funeral with the emphasis on his British army past rather than his time in the paramilitary group. The party's former leader Dawn Purvis told his funeral in the loyalist heartland of Belfasts Shankill Road that Mr Spence became involved in violence in the 1960s. RT 2023. Wright is believed to have dealt mainly in Ecstasy tablets in the early 90s. The unnamed woman stated, "When you go out and throw a petrol bomb through a widow's window, you're no peacemaker. A number. [55], However, a granddaughter of Matilda Gould, a 74-year-old Protestant widow who had died from burns sustained in the UVF's attempted bombing of a Catholic bar next door to her home, objected to Spence being called a "peacemaker" and described him as a "bad evil man". The charges were dropped but later in 1966 he was given life for the murder of Peter Ward, who had called in to a Shankill Road bar with Catholic workmates and was shot dead as he left. Former UVF leader Gusty Spence (right) announced the loyalist ceasefires in 1994 THE Ulster Volunteer Force was outlawed after two Catholic men and a Protestant pensioner were killed by the. [10] Spence then found employment at the Harland & Wolff shipyard in Belfast, where he worked as a stager (builder of the scaffolding in which the ships are constructed), a skilled job that commanded respect amongst working class Protestants and ensured for Spence a higher status within the Shankill. Read about our approach to external linking. [45], In 1974, hardliners staged a coup and took over the Brigade Staff. He was sworn in soon afterwards in a ceremony held in secret near Pomeroy, County Tyrone. [29] The loyalists "intended to force a crisis which would so undermine confidence in O'Neill's ability to maintain law and order that he would be obliged to resign". [2], In August 2000, Spence was caught up in moves by Johnny Adair's "C" Company of the UDA to take control of the Shankill by forcing out the UVF and other opponents. (Thesis 2017). Others who attended included Jeanette Irvine, the widow of the former PUP Assembly member, David Ervine, Dawn Purvis, the former PUP Assembly member who resigned from the party over the UVF's activities and the former Assembly member and former Human Rights Commissioner, Monica Mc Williams. [34] In December, the UVF detonated a car bomb near the Garda central detective bureau and telephone exchange headquarters in Dublin. Sinn Fein MLA Gerry Kelly said many nationalists would remember Spence as someone "who was central to the sectarianism that gave birth to the modern loyalist paramilitary". "He was an Irishman and looked upon himself as an Ulster Irishman as well as being British. Skip to navigation [n] Skip to content [c] Skip to footer [f] Search Search. Such retaliation was seen as both collective punishment and an attempt to weaken the IRA's support; it was thought that terrorising the Catholic community and inflicting such a death toll on it would force the IRA to end its campaign. In May 1966, the UVF issued a statement, announcing that it was declaring war on the IRA. In response to events in Derry, nationalists held protests throughout Northern Ireland, some of which became violent. [57] In 1976, Tommy West was replaced with "Mr. F" who is alleged to be John "Bunter" Graham, who remains the incumbent Chief of Staff to date. [2] He had been stationed in Cyprus and saw action fighting against the forces of Colonel Georgios Grivas. Both of them shared "a deep sense of history", and he spoke of Mr Lynch's "lasting ambition" to see peace in Ireland. In 1984, Gusty was released from prison, and became a leading figure in the Progressive Unionist Party and . RT.ie is the website of Raidi Teilifs ireann, Ireland's National Public Service Media. He was born in the Shankill Road area of Belfast. None the less, they ransacked the house and stole Spence's army medals, while the Spence family were forced to stay off the Shankill for the entirety of the loyalist feud. Spence is regarded as the first terrorist godfather in Northern Ireland but also the man who took the first steps towards ending UVF violence. [21] In April 1966, Ulster loyalists led by Ian Paisley, a Protestant fundamentalist preacher, founded the Ulster Constitution Defence Committee (UCDC). A former leader of the UVF's political wing, the Progressive Unionist Party, described him as "one of the pivots on which a page of Irish history turned". The 78-year-old died in hospital at the weekend after a long illness. This was a large, three-day riot between Irish nationalists and the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC). [58][59][105] Graham has held the position since he assumed office in 1976. Augustus 'Gusty' Spence (born 28th June 1933) is a former leader of the Ulster Volunteer Force, Loyalist politician and soldier in the British Army. Gusty Spence, who has died aged 78, was the . Though, for its own purposes, it assumed the same name it has nothing else in common. [162], There were also 66 UVF/RHC members and four former members killed in the conflict. "We have to get in there, and stay in there," he continued, remembering that "it took several hundred years to bring about this situation, so we must have a little bit of patience. [9] He was also associated loosely with prominent loyalists such as Ian Paisley and Desmond Boal and was advised by both men in 1959 when he launched a protest against Gerry Fitt at Belfast City Hall after Fitt had described Spence's regiment as "murderers" over allegations that they had killed civilians in Cyprus. [9] According to the book Lost Lives (2006 edition), it was responsible for 569 killings. [41] On 17 May, two UVF units from the Belfast and Mid-Ulster brigades detonated four car bombs in Dublin and Monaghan. Spence claimed that he was approached in 1965 by two men, one of whom was an Ulster Unionist Party MP, who told him that the UVF was to be re-established and that he was to have responsibility for the Shankill. At his funeral yesterday, Mr Spence said he was not there to deify Mr Lynch, whom he described as "a simple man but a wealthy one in terms of his friends and his love for his country". UVF In 1961, Spence retired from the Royal Irish Rifles, which he had joined in 1957, on the grounds of ill health. His hearse bore a floral tribute that spelt out the word Granda, while relatives who spoke at the funeral recalled personal memories of a family man. Reverend Chris Hudson, who helped broker contacts between loyalist paramilitaries and the Irish government, said that aspect of the statement was significant. It comprises high-ranking officers under a Chief of Staff or Brigadier-General. Mr Spence, who died in hospital at the weekend after a long illness, inspired loyalists to enter politics during the peace process and helped form the Progressive Unionist Party (PUP). The chip shop has since been closed down. VideoRecord numbers of guide dog volunteers after BBC story. Save up to 70% with our image packs Pre-pay for multiple images and download on demand. [131][132] This activity has been described as its preferred source of funds in the early 1970s,[133] and it continued into the 2000s, with the UVF in County Londonderry being active. Formed in 1965,[7] it first emerged in 1966. Spence's biographer Roy Garland said he had formed unlikely relationships and challenged conventional loyalist thinking. Wednesday, 15 February 2023 | 10.2 . [13], His older brother Billy Spence was a founding member of Ulster Protestant Action (UPA) in 1956[14] and Gusty Spence himself was also a member of the group. The UVF killed four men in Belfast and trouble ended only when the LVF announced that it was disbanding in October of that year. The UVF stated that the attempted attack was a protest against the Irish Army units "still massed on the border in County Donegal". It was alleged that Colin Armstrong had links to both drugs and loyalist terrorists. Hanna and Jackson have both been implicated by journalist Joe Tiernan and RUC Special Patrol Group (SPG) officer John Weir as having led one of the units that bombed Dublin. He had risen through its ranks to become a sergeant in the military police and the regiments flag was draped across his coffin. During this time he restructured the organisation into brigades, battalions, companies, platoons and sections. Loyalists were successful in importing arms into Northern Ireland. [18][19] Some members have also been found responsible for orchestrating a series of racist attacks. Fire engulfed the house next door, badly burning the elderly Protestant widow who lived there. The men were tried, and in March 1977 were sentenced to an average of twenty-five years each.[51][52]. Mr Spence was brought up in the Shankill, but was forced out in later years by loyalists opposed to his defence of the peace process and his opposition to continued paramilitary activity. Read about our approach to external linking. [52] Louie died in 2003. [76][77][78], In January 2008, the UVF was accused of involvement in vigilante action against alleged criminals in Belfast. This was a general strike in protest against the Sunningdale Agreement, which meant sharing political power with Irish nationalists and the Republic having more involvement in Northern Ireland. Independentie. 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