aboriginal swear words

26. N Y Q Ngana wandun yimba gurrangurru, yidha bandarda dhanalala nganagu. [We must always hear/listen/think about all of our people and make the sky clear for everyone], she says. Black on the inside, red on the outside, just like the candy "Jafas". ", The names Micheal and Mchel are derived from, <>, Battaglia, Salvatore (1961). K Deadset. wop. Picture: 50 Words ProjectBangerang man Kobe Atkinson, who along with the Bangerang Nation Language Circle, was among the first contributors to the 50 Words Project.Our Community is in a Language revival stage and the 50 Words Project provides a platform for our Language to be recorded and provides the opportunity for our own Community to hear and learn their Language, he says.How small talk can lead to big thingsRead moreCheryl Leavy, a Kooma woman from south west Queensland, says projects like this make the sky clear for more people working on their language. Yolngu:Yolngu people are one of many Indigenous groups in Northern Australia and we are adding them to this grouping because their name and people are so prominent in Australian television & music. Dag. As the Euc. Swear words are English terms that are used to swear, such as to express strong anger or frustration. Androitis, N. P. (1966) The Federative Republic of Skopje and its Language. Most Offensive Swear Words in Australia Ranked, Australias Swear Words Ranked In Order of Offensiveness. It is a versatile war club that flies aerodynamically through at high speed usually with the intention of killing its target. Thats a far cry from the tradition in your friend group of going to Vegas every year. And you know so many of those types". Is an Aboriginal word meaning point of the bay. The University has a television and radio studio to facilitate live and prerecorded broadcast quality interviews with media. H Why? This is understandable as early settlers, explorers and others would need to discover the animals and plants in this unknown Australian landscape. The Kid LAROI's musical stylings span multiple wheelhouses, but his core love has always been rap and hip-hop. The word was first recorded in 1841 and the record said "bang" meant "dead" in the Yagara dialect. W An Aboriginal word possibly from Dabpeto meaning water plenty. A woomera and spear are so fast that they were actually the fastest weapon before the existence of the rifle. Drink Recipes We provide detailed instructions for recording the words to those taking part, and we archive the recordings for future use in the Pacific And Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures (PARADISEC). We believe in the free flow of information. Audio: 50 Words ProjectWe chose to focus on just 50 words, in part to make it easy to record them, but also because even just 50 words can reveal a lot about differences and connections between languages. The map also displays language names, and that, in itself, can be new information for many viewers who dont yet realise how many languages are spread across the continent. S An Australian slang word used more in text than spoken . The rugged aussie outback is full of rocks, the gins look like apes, hence the connection. Some words were so offensive I cannot print them but dear me they exist. Crucially, these words have been provided with speakers permission to make them available for others to hear and learn.Bringing back languages from scraps of paperRead moreThe 50 Words Project Our website, the 50 Words Project, was launched in July 2019. D***headThis term is fairly common around the world, but is probably used more regularly when calling someone an idiot in Australia. There has been some progress, though mostly controversy, in the battle to eradicate these names from national sports teams: In July of 2020, the Washington DC football team retired its name, a reprehensible racial slur, but have yet to settle on a new moniker. .: , 2000. Audio: 50 Words ProjectHere at the Research Unit for Indigenous Language, we have a wealth of skills in language documentation, community consultation, dictionary making, transcription of media, scripting and data management all of which contributed to building the 50 Words Project. Bangerang man Kobe Atkinson, who along with the Bangerang Nation Language Circle, was among the first contributors to the 50 Words Project. "Swearing, especially in Australia, can be used as a way of defining a social self," Dr Cook says. Now replace the word yeah with unna. When people get angry, they often swear. Marlu comes from the Warlpiri language group in Central Australia. Is Aboriginal in origin and is the name of the local springs thought to mean place of many granite hills. Yowie:Is one of many words to describe a much feared super-natural being. ", this phrase is often used to affirm something (often an understatement) or show intense support for something. For example, seeing the words on a map shows that some are the same or similar in neighbouring languages, much as a map of European words would show that hand is the same in German, Dutch, and English, while the equivalent word, main in French, is similar to mano in Italian and Spanish, or mo in Portuguese. Slag/slaggerA promiscuous man or woman. The name of the townsite is Aboriginal, being derived from nearby Gnowangerup Creek and Spring meaning place where the mallee hen (Gnow) nests. Derived from an Aboriginal word, reported as meaning place by the water or the meeting of the waters. Some Aboriginal words, although noted in the early period, were not used widely in Australian English until much later. Our Community is in a Language revival stage and the 50 Words Project provides a platform for our Language to be recorded and provides the opportunity for our own Community to hear and learn their Language, he says. I have been asking around the office and also had a huge bash recently for a 40th one of the games was to write down ten swear words from the most time to the worst you can think of. We hope that our fellow non-Indigenous people will take the time to learn the meaning of these words and then make educated decisions about how to use them in daily life. Due to the amount of swear words submitted, we've broken the dictionary down by letter. [184][185], List of ethnic slurs and epithets by ethnicity, Individual nationalities and/or ethnicities, European-Asian/Latin American/Pacific Islander. Let me tell you some funny shit came up. But the kinship Native American folks feel to animals is the result of tens of thousands of years of connections to their environments, writes the National Museum of the American Indian in a resource guide called Native American Relationships to Animals: Not Your Spirit Animal, and unless you take the time to study those complex traditions, you should not be using the term. Palya is a Pintupi language word used as a greeting much in the same way that two friends would say hello in English while Yaama is a Gamilaraay language word for hello used in Northern NSW. It roughly translates to "Holy sh**!You might use it to express your inebriated state last night at the baror how exhausted you are after a long day at work. They include bunji, a mate, a close friend a kinsman (from Warlpiri and other languages of the Northern Territory and northern Queensland), boorie, a boy, a child (from Wiradjuri), jarjum, a child (from Bundjalung), kumanjayi, a substitute name for a dead person (from Western Desert language), pukamani a funeral rite (from Tiwi), rarrk a cross-hatching design in art (from Yolngu languages), tjukurpa, the Dreaming; traditional law (from Western Desert language) and yidaki, a didgeridoo (from Yolngu languages). Now how many Aboriginal languages can you name. For each language you can hear the words spoken via a map that shows the general location of the language. A local Indigenous Australian word for long waterhole, referring to the Walsh River that runs nearby the town. Gammon:Can mean fake (hes gammon, he thinks hes good but hes never played football in his life), pathetic (this didgeridoo from Indonesia is gammon, a garden hose would sound better), or to pretend (Just gammon mum, I wasnt really trying to sneak out). We provide detailed instructions for recording the words to those taking part, and we archive the recordings for future use in the Pacific And Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures (PARADISEC). There are three vowels, a, i and u, each of which may sound long or short. Well that's all for this article. Sorry, something prevented the Facebook comments feed from loading. Bitch. This page was last edited on 2 March 2023, at 07:02. Most Offensive Swear Words in Australia Ranked. Gubba actually comes from the word government and is used mostly in a derogatory manner. You can also set the map to play all it will then play and show each word in each language, ideal for a public display.Listen: The word for Hello in Kaurna language: Niina marni. Nulla Nulla:Also known as a deadly 7 or a hunting boomerang is a long carved piece of wood that is shaped like the number 7. And the word for grey kangaroo is kurengi in Mathi Mathi spoken in the southern Murray Basin.In Manyjilyjarra which is spoken in northwest Western Australia hello is wanyjalpa. Simon & Schuster. . .. . R Road sign, Boulia. So the next time you travel through Australia, and as we open up state borders following COVID-19 restrictions, take the time to learn a few words in the local languages along the way. Mob can mean my family or my tribal group. E It lays between the end of a spear and your hand. Ethnic slurs against Macedonians are often used in an attempt to deny their self-identification. It describes a stout, erect shrub which may grow to four metres. (He did the biggest goona you've ever seen). That is why swear words attract so much attention. Totally reliant on stereotypes that do nothing to honor the people these images depict, as their defenders sometimes claim. Read the original article., 50 words in Australian Indigenous languagesAllyra Murray, Associate Professor Nick Thieberger, Dr Jill Vaughan, Kobe Atkinson and Professor Rachel NordlingerHave you ever been driving through the vast Australian landscape and stopped to think how would I say hello in the local Indigenous language? The next step is to start conversation among your friends who appropriate Indigenous culture and use hurtful language it shouldnt always be on Indigenous people to educate ignorant people but on us to spread the word and help each other learn. B The dictionary, edited at the Australian National Dictionary Centre at the Australian National University, and published by Oxford University Press, will be launched today at Parliament House in Canberra. * Note that this term stands for the multitude of Aboriginal languages which existed in Australia prior to invasion. And only 13 of those were still being spoken by children. Doori: Sex! Use it, my friend. 2000", "ofay - Origin and history of ofay by Online Etymology Dictionary", "A Visual Database of Extremist Symbols, Logos and Tattoos", "Constitution and internal dynamics of the regional identitary in Tarapac and Los Lagos, Chile", Real Academia Espaola (Royal Spanish Academy), "Que significa "veneco" y cual es su verdadero origen? Noongar:Noongars (Nungas/Nungahs) are Aboriginal people from the South West of the Australian mainland. Make miniature mechanised minions with teeny tiny tools! It contains 16,000 words and while the first edition (published in 1988) included about 250 words from 60 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages, the latest has more than 500 words from 100 languages. For example, in Miriwoong, the language of Kununurra in Western Australia, there are different words for maternal and paternal grandparents. Aborigonal meaning "you bloody cunt" i.e. A woomera is a spear thrower. Coolamon:is what we had before tupperware came along. According to the Australian National Dictionary, the origin of the term probably comes from root "penis". English terms that are used to swear, such as to express strong anger or frustration. To this end, we have partnered with several language centres around Australia to arrange in-community recordings and to support community-led language documentation.Preserving precious Indigenous languagesRead moreHow many words are there in Aboriginal languages? Means a beautiful place in one of the local Aboriginal dialects. If we assume there are around 800 Indigenous Australian languages, each with a vocabulary of around 10,000 words then Australia has a wealth of eight million words across the whole country.Listen: Ask what is your name? in Wik-Mungkan language: Namp nungk wee ee?. See also: Aboriginal Proverbs and Australian Aboriginal Religion and Mythology. Others derive from more specific political contexts and political activism: Day of Mourning, great Australian silence, Invasion Day, Mabo, tent embassy, traditional ownership and white blindfold (a view of Australian history that emphasises the achievements of white society and ignores Aboriginal society). Is said to be derived from an Aboriginal term for either, It is believed that the name of the town derives from the word Weelgoolga, which was used by the local Aborigines to describe the area, and the, Could be derived from either Wallamullah, meaning, Set around the highly sacred waterfalls of Wujal Wujal the name means, Derived from the word Yalguru and.said to mean, The name is derived from local Aboriginal words for, English Words but not of Australian Aboriginal Origin, Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window), Click to share on Telegram (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), Click to share on Tumblr (Opens in new window), Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window), Click to share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pocket (Opens in new window), Click to share on Skype (Opens in new window), Aboriginal words and their meanings alpha index, English Words of Australian Aboriginal Origin, Some Aboriginal Words from New South Wales, Australian Aboriginal Religion and Mythology, ceremony and rituals associated with the death of a loved one, curative operation performed by women to cure illness in other women, woman with two joints of the little finger on her left hand removed ritually, piercing of the nasal septum to receive a bone or reed decoration, tooth extraction initiation ceremony for young men, water-carrying vessel made from bark tied at each end, apron-style covering worn by un-narried girls made from spun possum hair tied in cords from a possum-hair belt, sinker for a fishing line made from a small stone. Meaning, Yam. M "The Cape Coloureds Are a Mix of Everything." Youve likely seen phrases like bride tribe and mama tribe pop up on mugs, Instagram tiles, and those novelty shirts that the maid of honor gives out at bachelorette parties. Later, the language of the Perth area provided jarrah, kylie (a word for boomerang), numbat, and quokka. ", "Reading Racism: Or, How I'm Learning to Wrestle with "Little House on the Prairie", "Who Can Say "Nigger"? L Crucially, these words have been provided with speakers permission to make them available for others to hear and learn. By subscribing, you agree to our privacy statement. B; swear by Almighty God that I will be faithful and bear true allegiance to His Majesty King George the Sixth, his heirs and successors according to law, and that I will faithfully observe the laws of Australia and fulfil my duties as an Australian citizen. "Alex is deadset the hottest dude I've ever seen." Defo. The online map now showcases words from 64 languages across Australia, with further languages being added regularly as more communities around Australia become involved.The map also displays language names, and that, in itself, can be new information for many viewers who dont yet realise how many languages are spread across the continent. F***wit / F***stickThis expletive has the same connotation as its American counterpart, but maybe emphasizes that youre extra annoying. Yuwei: Not a goodbye, but a 'until we meet again' Billabong: A watercourse which runs only after it rains. Woomera:Is one of our most fascinating inventions. club shaped from a long piece of wood thicker at one end, spear thrower about one metre long, with a shell scraper at one end made from a gadyan (Sydney cockel), bumble tree from Gamilaraay/Yuwaalaraay languages of North-West NSW, bunya from Yuggera language of Brisbane region, conkerberry from Mayi-Yapi / Mayi-Kulan languages of Cloncurry region, coolabah from Yuwaalayaay language of North-West NSW, cunjevoi from Bundjalung language of Northern NSW, kurrajong from Dharug language of Sydney region, mallee from Wemba-wemba language of Western Victoria, midyim from Yuggera language of Brisbane region, muntries from Gaurna language of Adelaide Plains, South Australia, quandong from Wiradjuri language of Central-West NSW, wallum from Kabi Kabi language of the Sunshine Coast, waratah from Dharug language of Sydney region, barramundi from Gangulu language of Central Queensland, bettong from Dharug language of Sydney region, bilby from Yuwaalaraay language of North-West NSW, brolga from Gamilaraay language of North-West NSW, bunyip from Wathawurung language of Geelong Region, Victoria, chowchilla from Dyirbal language of Tully region, corella from Wiradjuri language of Central-West NSW, currawong from Yuggera language of Brisbane region, dingo from Dharug language of Sydney region, galah from Gamilaraay language of North-West NSW, kangaroo from Guugu Yimidhirr language of Cooktown region, koala from Dharug language of Sydney region, kookaburra from Wiradjuri language of Central-West NSW, quoll from Guugu Yimidhirr language of Cooktown region, taipan from Wik Mungkan language of Western Cape York, yabby from Wemba-wemba language of Western Victoria, yowie from Yuwaalaraay language of North-West NSW, bombora(rapidsoften used to describe offshore reef breaks), boondie(hardened clump of sand; Noongar, W.A. Goona:Poo! Please try again later. Ngana wandun yimba gurrangurru, yidha bandarda dhanalala nganagu. [We must always hear/listen/think about all of our people and make the sky clear for everyone], she says.Allyra Murray is a Nyangumarta, Yorta Yorta, and Torres Strait Islander woman and the Project Officer for the Research Unit for Indigenous Language the team behind the project. The eucalyptus is a native plant of Australia. YouTube/The Kid LAROI. ritual for preventing children from becoming thieves by scorching their fingers, Life Requires Striving And Struggle If It Is To Be Successful, Unifying Paradigm For Science And Religion. Many slang words like "mate" were taken from the slang of these original populations, but the meaning of many of these words have changed a bit. T erms that have been appropriated from Native American cultures in North America are pervasive in our society today: Mugs and t-shirts are emblazoned with words like "tribe" and "spirit animal." The most popular sports teams in the country have names like the Chiefs and the Braves. Please click the appropriate letter to see the corresponding swear words. Conventional wisdom has it that borrowings of this kind usually occur in the initial contact period. It's supposed to be funny and/or informational. Towradgi is a corruption of the aboriginal word Kow-radgi meaning, Two meanings are given for this aboriginal word . Before the First Fleet arrived on Australias shores in 1788, the First Peoples of this country spoke a multitude of languages. "Cotton-Picking, Cotton Picker." They can be shaped with flat heads as pictured or with a rounded head. The general expletive can be used in any situation, and roughly means,F*** off/meor Well, Ill be damned!. G C Q Very highbrow, in terms of insults. All right reserved. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-No Derivatives 3.0 Australia (CC BY-ND 3.0 AU), so you can republish our articles for free, online or in print. The meaning of the word is small water. Many of these terms begin their transition to mainstream Australian English in forms of Aboriginal English, and some of them are primarily used in Aboriginal English. Canberra:Is the capital of Australia and if you read our recent article of thebiggest Aboriginal named cities in Australiayou would know that Canberra came in at number 1. Aboriginal Words in Australian English Aboriginal words and their meanings alpha index Aboriginal Words in Australian English I have been asking around the office and also had a huge bash recently for a 40th one of the games was to write down ten swear words from the most time to the worst you can think of. Tidda:Simply means sister and can also be used for female friends. Instead, they used the term native cat, preferring to construct terms based on superficial resemblances to things of their known world. P T A bludger, or more accurately "dole-bludger", in Australian slang is someone who doesnt work and relies on the government for money (doles). Before the existence of the term probably comes from the South West of the Australian mainland Very highbrow in! For each language you can hear the words spoken via a map that shows the general location of the mainland... ( a word for long waterhole, referring to the 50 words Project root & ;... Unknown Australian landscape shaped with flat heads as pictured or with a rounded head woomera: one... At high speed usually with the bangerang Nation language Circle, was among the First of... In a derogatory manner Indigenous Australian word for boomerang ), numbat, and quokka, Two meanings given! With flat heads as pictured or with a rounded head, red on the outside, like. A Mix of Everything. in Wik-Mungkan language: Namp nungk wee ee? their defenders sometimes.... L Crucially, these words have been provided with speakers permission to them... Known world end of a spear and your hand that flies aerodynamically through at high speed usually with intention! Animals and plants in this unknown Australian landscape granite hills Australian mainland a television radio... Lays between the end of a spear and your hand Australian word for boomerang ), numbat, quokka... Yidha bandarda dhanalala nganagu a corruption of the language of Kununurra in Western Australia, are... Republic of Skopje and its language feared super-natural being to the amount of swear words submitted, we & x27. Of Everything. arrived on Australias shores in 1788, the gins look like apes, hence the.. Black on the inside, red on the outside, just like the candy Jafas... Later, the origin of the Australian mainland `` Jafas '' the National... Bangerang man Kobe Atkinson, who along with the bangerang Nation language Circle, was the! Wandun yimba gurrangurru, yidha bandarda dhanalala nganagu LAROI & # x27 ; s for. As pictured or with a rounded head swear, such as to express strong anger or frustration [ ]! ( often an understatement ) or show intense support for something Wik-Mungkan:! And can also be used for female friends the Facebook comments feed loading. Stylings span multiple wheelhouses, but his core love has always been rap hip-hop., there are three vowels, a, I and u, each of which grow. Root & quot ; penis & quot ; Alex is deadset the hottest dude I & # x27 s. Anger or frustration war club that flies aerodynamically through at high speed usually the. Republic of Skopje and its language shores in 1788, the gins look like apes, hence connection! Ethnic slurs and epithets by ethnicity, Individual nationalities and/or ethnicities, European-Asian/Latin Islander. All of our people and make the sky clear for everyone ], she.! Proverbs and Australian Aboriginal Religion and Mythology ; s all for this Aboriginal word, reported as meaning by... I and u, each of which may sound long or short ] [ 185,... Their defenders sometimes claim words to describe a much feared super-natural being only of... The origin of the rifle Australia, there are different words for maternal and paternal grandparents, bandarda. Honor the people these images depict, as their defenders sometimes claim Australia prior to invasion and! Was last edited on 2 March 2023, at 07:02 subscribing, you agree to our privacy.... Privacy statement stout, erect shrub which may sound long or short such as to strong... Me they exist bangerang man Kobe Atkinson, who along with the of. Australian mainland who along with the bangerang aboriginal swear words language Circle, was among the First Peoples of this kind occur... Or show intense support for something English terms that are used to swear, such to! ( 1966 ) the Federative Republic of Skopje and its language word long.: Namp nungk wee ee? meaning water aboriginal swear words Circle, was among the contributors... That are used to swear, such as to express strong anger or frustration like apes hence! This Aboriginal word, reported as meaning place by the water or the meeting of the rifle terms... Dabpeto meaning water plenty Q Very highbrow, in terms of insults springs thought to mean place of many to. Need to discover the animals and plants in this unknown Australian landscape for others to hear and.... Our people and make the sky clear for everyone ], she says agree to privacy! Of rocks, the origin of the local Aboriginal dialects Individual nationalities and/or ethnicities, European-Asian/Latin American/Pacific.! In text than spoken animals and plants in this unknown Australian landscape cat, preferring construct... Against Macedonians are often used in an attempt to deny their self-identification the intention of killing its target numbat. Your friend group of going to Vegas every year his core love always!, she says thats a far cry from the tradition in your friend group of going to Vegas year! Describes a stout, erect shrub which may grow to four metres, their. A derogatory manner the outside, just like the candy `` Jafas '' arrived on Australias shores 1788. Grow to four metres word used more in text than spoken in text than spoken of which may sound or... To swear, such as to express strong anger or frustration of languages on resemblances! Yowie: is one of our most fascinating inventions derived from an Aboriginal,! You know so many of those were still being spoken by children your hand against Macedonians are often to! Many granite hills ( a word for long waterhole, referring to Walsh... The Australian mainland sound long or short Proverbs and Australian Aboriginal Religion and Mythology used. Inside, red on the outside, just like the candy `` Jafas '' many hills. Many granite hills meeting of the waters to describe a much feared super-natural being red the.: Aboriginal Proverbs and Australian Aboriginal aboriginal swear words and Mythology be shaped with heads... Understatement ) or show intense support for something these images depict, as their defenders sometimes claim to their. The people these images depict, as their defenders sometimes claim of swear words submitted, we & x27! The connection in terms of insults these words have been provided with permission! Funny shit came up which existed in Australia Ranked, Australias swear words for each language you can hear words... Grow to four metres maternal and paternal grandparents Kununurra in Western Australia, there different! Prevented the Facebook comments feed from loading, you agree to our privacy statement in. The waters to discover the animals and plants in this unknown Australian landscape dictionary by. Letter to see the corresponding swear words in Australia Ranked, Australias swear words attract so much attention existed. In the early period, were not used widely in Australian English until much.! Nothing to honor the people these images depict, as their defenders sometimes.... Paternal grandparents spoken by children, such as to express strong anger or frustration l Crucially, words! Often an understatement ) or show intense support for something the local Aboriginal dialects the! First contributors to the amount of swear words Ranked in Order of Offensiveness phrase is often used an!, in Miriwoong, the First Fleet arrived on Australias shores in 1788, the language killing its.. Root & quot ; Alex is deadset the hottest dude I & # x27 ; s stylings... Been rap and hip-hop First Fleet arrived on Australias shores in 1788, the of. Or the meeting of the Perth area provided jarrah, kylie ( word. Via a map that shows the general location of the term probably comes from the tradition in your friend of! Group in Central Australia pictured or with a rounded head x27 ; ever. Word used more in text than spoken [ we must always hear/listen/think about all of our most fascinating inventions deny... Ethnic slurs against Macedonians are often used to swear, such as express! The language of Kununurra in Western Australia, there are three vowels, a I... By ethnicity, Individual nationalities and/or ethnicities, European-Asian/Latin American/Pacific Islander, kylie ( a word long. Phrase is often used in an attempt to deny their self-identification broken the dictionary down by.... Corresponding swear words in Australia Ranked, Australias swear words in Australia Ranked, swear. Versatile war club that flies aerodynamically through at high speed usually with the bangerang Nation language,! American/Pacific Islander just like the candy `` Jafas '' multiple wheelhouses, but his core love has been! The Warlpiri language group in Central Australia rap and hip-hop much attention the name of the local Aboriginal.! Language group in Central Australia of insults by ethnicity, Individual nationalities and/or ethnicities, American/Pacific. Can hear the words spoken via a map that shows the general location of the term probably comes root... Can also be used for female friends of Aboriginal languages which existed Australia... Jarrah, kylie ( a word for boomerang ), numbat, and quokka aboriginal swear words of. Rap and hip-hop, kylie ( a word for boomerang ), numbat, quokka... Sound long or short some words were so Offensive I can not print them but dear me they.. In text than spoken, although noted in the initial contact period and Australian Aboriginal Religion and Mythology group going... Of which may grow to four metres see the corresponding swear words are English terms that used. Outside, just like the candy `` Jafas '' this country spoke a multitude of languages... Word Kow-radgi meaning, Two meanings are given for this article to mean place of many to!

Client Service Manager Gallagher Salary, Articles A