We believe everyone should have access to free online first aid information which is up-to-date and accurate. definition epidemiology risk, COPD - . 2023 CrystalGraphics, Inc. All rights Reserved. Be sure to update it periodically. You can read the details below. 3. 8% of all individuals 10% age >40 6 th leading cause of death worldwide, COPD - . The SlideShare family just got bigger. The air is therefore trapped in the lungs, making it hard for the lungs to send the right amount of oxygen to the rest of the body (McCance & Huether, 2019). Cervical Cancer Care Seeking Behaviour Among Community Women, Jos-North, Plat 2021 Heart Failure Gls slide set_protected.pptx, 10 Most Common Types of Probiotics Gut Foundation.pptx, Understanding Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) at a glance, No public clipboards found for this slide, Enjoy access to millions of presentations, documents, ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 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The app. -System-wide nurse referral bonus program - earn up to $6000 per referral. things are quiet. alison boland str respiratory medicine. 28-7, Emphysema Pathophysiology Hyperinflation of alveoli Destruction of alveolar walls Destruction of alveolar capillary walls Narrowed airways Loss of lung elasticity, Emphysema Pathophysiology Two types: Centrilobular (central part of lobule) Most common Panlobular (destruction of whole lobule) Usually associated with AAT deficiency, Emphysema Pathophysiology Structural changes are: Hyperinflation of alveoli Destruction of alveolar capillary walls Narrowed, tortuous small airways Loss of lung elasticity, Emphysema Pathophysiology Small bronchioles become obstructed as a result of Mucus Smooth muscle spasm Inflammatory process Collapse of bronchiolar walls Recurrent infections production/stimulation of neutrophils and macrophages release proteolytic enzymes alveolar destruction inflammation, exudate, and edema, Emphysema Pathophysiology Elastin and collagen are destroyed Air goes into the lungs but is unable to come out on its own and remains in the lung Causes bronchioles to collapse, Emphysema Pathophysiology Trapped air hyperinflation and overdistention As more alveoli coalesce, blebs and bullae may develop Destruction of alveolar walls and capillaries reduced surface area for O2 diffusion Compensation is done by increasing respiratory rate to increase alveolar ventilation Hypoxemia usually develops late in disease, Emphysema Clinical Manifestations Dyspnea Progresses in severity Patient will first complain of dyspnea on exertion and progress to interfering with ADLs and rest, Emphysema Clinical Manifestations Minimal coughing with no to small amounts of sputum Overdistention of alveoli causes diaphragm to flatten and AP diameter to increase, Emphysema Clinical Manifestations Patient becomes chest breather, relying on accessory muscles Ribs become fixed in inspiratory position, Emphysema Clinical Manifestations Patient is underweight (despite adequate calorie intake), Chronic Bronchitis Pathophysiology Pathologic lung changes are: Hyperplasia of mucus-secreting glands in trachea and bronchi Increase in goblet cells Disappearance of cilia Chronic inflammatory changes and narrrowing of small airways Altered fxn of alveolar macrophages infections, Chronic Bronchitis Pathophysiology Chronic inflammation Primary pathologic mechanism causing changes Narrow airway lumen and reduced airflow d/t hyperplasia of mucus glands Inflammatory swelling Excess, thick mucus, Chronic Bronchitis Pathophysiology Greater resistance to airflow increases work of breathing Hypoxemia and hypercapnia develop more frequently in chronic bronchitis than emphysema, Chronic Bronchitis Pathophysiology Bronchioles are clogged with mucus and pose a physical barrier to ventilation Hypoxemia and hypercapnia d/t lack of ventilation and O2 diffusion Tendency to hypoventilate and retain CO2 Frequently patients require O2 both at rest and during exercise, Chronic Bronchitis Pathophysiology Cough is often ineffective to remove secretions because the person cannot breathe deeply enough to cause air flow distal to the secretions Bronchospasm frequently develops More common with history of smoking or asthma, Chronic Bronchitis Clinical Manifestations Earliest symptoms: Frequent, productive cough during winter Frequent respiratory infections, Chronic Bronchitis Clinical Manifestations Bronchospasm at end of paroxysms of coughing Cough Dyspnea on exertion History of smoking Normal weight or heavyset Ruddy (bluish-red) appearance d/t polycythemia (increased Hgb d/t chronic hypoxemia)) cyanosis, Chronic Bronchitis Clinical Manifestations Hypoxemia and hypercapnia Results from hypoventilation and airway resistance + problems with alveolar gas exchange, COPD Complications Pulmonary hypertension (pulmonary vessel constriction d/t alveolar hypoxia & acidosis) Cor pulmonale (Rt heart hypertrophy + RV failure) Pneumonia Acute Respiratory Failure, COPD Diagnostic Studies Chest x-rays early in the disease may not show abnormalities History and physical exam Pulmonary function studies reduced FEV1/FVC and residual volume and total lung capacity, COPD Diagnostic Studies ABGs PaO2 PaCO2 (especially in chronic bronchitis) pH (especially in chronic bronchitis) Bicarbonate level found in late stages COPD, COPD Collaborative Care Smoking cessation Most significant factor in slowing the progression of the disease, COPD Collaborative Care: Drug Therapy Bronchodilators as maintenance therapy -adrenergic agonists (e.g. Unlock this template and gain unlimited access, Are you already Premium? RN, BSN, PHN. "Blue bloaters" are patients with predominant bronchitiscyanosis and edema. A chest X-ray can show emphysema, one of the main causes of COPD. Get powerful tools for managing your contents. possible areas to cover. The COPD Pocket Consultant Guide (PCG) app is built to support patients with COPD and their family members in self-management and to assist health care professionals in providing optimal care. Msc Nursing 1st year 527 Views Download Presentation. We want to hear from you! The inclusion criteria for . Blood gases drawn on room air revealed these values: patient 1- pH =7.18, PCO2 = 70mmHg, PO2=50mmHg, HCO3=24mEq/L; patient2- pH =7.31, PCO2=50mmHg, PO2=50mmHg, HCO3=25mEq/L, Comment The A-a gradient calculation for patient 1 is as follows: A-a DO2 = PAO2 PaO2 PAO2 = 150 (1.25x PCO2) PAO2 = 150 (1.25x 70) PAO2 = 62 A-a =62 50 A-a = 12. You can read the details below. The SlideShare family just got bigger. The chest x-ray film revealed that this patients overdose was complicated by aspiration pneumonitis and that the patient required treatment with antibiotics in addition to mechanical ventilation. COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is a group of lung diseases that make it hard to breathe and get worse over time. 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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a condition of chronic dyspnea with expiratory airflow limitation that does not significantly fluctuate. The inclusion criterion for nurses was employment in home nursing care for at least 6 months. At the end of the end of the 16th International Family Nursing Conference, attendees should be able to discuss global advancements in family nursing education for students and professionals. Views: 1320. The presentation must educate advanced practice nurses on assessment and care/treatment, including . Appointments 216.444.6503. COPD - . 2. -System-wide nurse referral bonus program - earn up to $6000 per referral. Tachypnea Accessory respiratory muscle use, COPD Hallmark symptom - Dyspnea Chronic productive cough Minor hemoptysis pink puffer blue bloater. The presentation must provide information about the incidence, prevalence, and pathophysiology of the disease/disorder to the cellular level. Tap here to review the details. British Journal of Nursing 17 (21). Because this study aimed to explore nurse observations of COPD patients in a naturalistic setting (during home visits), eligible patients were identified and included as a third party during the data collection process. In the United States alone it affects about 16 million people. You can read more about the PCG tracks for patients and caregivers and for health care professionals. NURSE NP. . You can read the details below. welcome to the literature of the year. c hronic o bstructive, COPD - . Aim: To synthesise qualitative research on pulmonary sequelae of COVID-19 and identify patient needs and experiences to develop nursing care strategies. Our beautiful, affordable PowerPoint templates are used and trusted . Citation: Gundry S (2019) COPD 1: pathophysiology, diagnosis and prognosis. Asthma patients can also develop chronic (not fully reversible) airflow obstruction. June 2023. Both have ingested substantial amounts of barbiturates and diazepam. CPR - Cardiac Pulmonary Resuscitation by completion of introductory period. GOLD Teaching Slide Set. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorders COPD. COPD - . copd. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Slide 2-. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorders COPD is a [preventable and treatable disease with some significant extra pulmonary effects that may contribute to the severity in individual clients. epidemiology . all you wanted to know about copd but were afraid to ask. Youll also find a list of resources for more help managing your COPD. Description: COPD 'COPD is fifth commonest cause of death in England and Wales accounting for . Smoking is the most common cause. Physiotherapy management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ppt by Oluw COPD AND ICU MANAGEMENT : DR DEVAWRAT BUCHE, treatment Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. feeling excessively sleepy or confused. within 30 Days Required ; COPD PowerPoint Presentation. Chronic Bronchitis Chronic lower airway inflammation Increased bronchial mucus production Productive cough Urban male smokers > 30 years old, Chronic Bronchitis Mucus, swelling interfere with ventilation Increased CO2, decreased 02 Cyanosis occurs early in disease Lung disease overworks right ventricle Right heart failure occurs RHF produces peripheral edema Blue Bloater, Emphysema Loss of elasticity in small airways Destruction of alveolar walls Urban male smokers > 40-50 years old, Emphysema Lungs lose elastic recoil Retain CO2, maintain near normal O2 Cyanosis occurs late in disease Barrel chest (increased AP diameter) Thin, wasted Prolonged exhalation through pursed lips Pink Puffer, COPD Management Oxygen Monitor carefully Some COPD patients may experience respiratory depression on high concentration oxygen Assist ventilations as needed, Diagnostic Approach Initial assessment History and physical examination (Signs & Symptoms) Pulmonary function testing to assess airflow obstruction Radiographic studies, Assessment of exacerbation History Fever Change in quantity and character of sputum ill contacts Associated symptoms Frequency and severity of prior exacerbations, Assessment of exacerbation Physical examination Tachycardia Tachypnea Chest examination Focal findings Air movement Symmetry Presence or absence of wheezing Paradoxical movement of abdominal wall Use of accessory muscles Perioral or peripheral cyanosis Ability to speak in complete sentences Mental status, Radiographic studies Chest radiography focal findings (pneumonia, atelectasis) Arterial blood gases Hypoxemia Hypercapnia Hospitalization recommended for: Respiratory acidosis and hypercarbia Significant hypoxemia Severe underlying disease Living situation not conducive to careful observation and delivery of prescribed treatment, ABG and oximetry Although not sensitive, they may demonstrate resting or exertional hypoxemia. 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