Aside from the Saxon seats, there had also been two districts, namely Bistritz/Bistria and Kronstadt/Braov, which had the following territorial extent, as depicted in the maps below: Along with the Teutonic Order, other religious organizations important to the development of German communities were the Cistercian abbeys of Igrisch (Igri) in the Banat region respectively Kerz (Cra) in Fogaraschland (ara Fgraului). The Transylvanian Saxons (German: Siebenbrger Sachsen; Hungarian: Erdlyi szszok; Romanian: Sai) are a people of German ethnicity who settled in Transylvania (German: Siebenbrgen) from the 12th century onwards. Arbeit-verwandt (der Berufsname oder auch eine Anspielung zu einer Arbeit, The Saxons first arrived in Romanias Transylvania region in the 12th Century from areas that today constitute Germany, France, Belgium and Luxembourg. [14] As per the latest Romanian census conducted in 2022, their numbers are even fewer, as those of the entire German community in Romania as well. View of Transylvanian fortified church in Archita village, Romania. Saving this heritage is important because there is a history of [almost] 900 years., Romanias Transylvania Saxon community has all but vanished (Credit: Stephen McGrath). Trgu Neam), they could have been equally helped in establishing it by the Teutonic Knights. Today, relatively few still live in Romania, where the second last official census (carried out in 2011) indicated 36,042 Germans, out of which only 11,400 were of Transylvanian Saxon descent. Tabellen zusammengestellt mit Informationen von: For example, one of the traditions held was the "Neighborhood" (German: Nachbarschaften) in which many households formed a small supporting community. However: surname spelling has only recently become fixed, and people sometimes Abstract Records (1902-1981) of the Alliance of Transylvanian Saxons (Cleveland, Ohio), a fraternal and insurance organization, include convention minutes. Nearly 200,000 Romanians have this surname. She recently made a series of tote bags from recycled second-hand clothes for a collaborative art project. Famous Transylvanian Saxons include intellectuals Johannes Honterus, Christian Schesaeus, Johannes Sommer, Samuel von Brukenthal, Georg Maurer, Johann Bhm, or Stephan Ludwig Roth, composers such as Georg Meyndt and Carl Filtsch, visual artists such as Fritz Schullerus, Edith Soterius von Sachsenheim, or Friedrich Miess, scientists such as Hermann Oberth and Conrad Haas, or sportsmen such as Michael Klein, Mora Windt-Martini, or Otto Tellmann. Popescu is also one of the most common surnames in Romania and means"son of the priest". job, eg. 50. Siebenbrgisch-Schsischen Otherwise, they enjoyed suzerainty; even Hungarians could not settle down in the Saxon territories. The accuracy of these name definitions cannot be guaranteed. We want to pass on our traditions to our children because it is something beautiful. Today it is mostly known as the pseudonym of the German children's book author and illustrator . But even forsaken communities such as these can be partly revived, as Carmen Schuster discovered on a fateful return to her ancestral village of Cincor (Kleinschenk in German). In its early years, it included the territories of Hermannstadt, Leschkirch (Nocrich), and Gro-Schenk (Cincu), the areas that were colonized the earliest by ethnic Germans in the region. 47. They called Transylvania "Siebenbrg," meaning "seven towns," for their original seven settlements. At the time she didnt mind: as a young woman, it meant liberation from oppressive communism, a chance to forge a life on the back of newfound opportunities in a wealthier country. Hello all, I am wondering if you have any recommendations for any material on this language. The Saxons became known as industrious, skilled craftspeople and smallholder farmers with their own language and culture, and they thrived here for centuries. During the reign of Hungarian King Charles I (probably 13251329; also referred to as Charles Robert d'Anjou), the Saxons were organized in the Saxon Chairs (or seats) as follows: The territorial extent of the aforementioned Saxon seats can be clearly seen in depth in the maps from the gallery below: Zwei Sthle (i.e. Obwohl die Deutungen nur genaue Ausknfte ber den In Romanian, it is also known as lichiu ssesc or just lichiu. In a small room hangs a black-and-white photo of her great aunt. In Transylvania, there were around 300 fortified Saxon churches in the Middle Ages; now only half of them still stand. In this particular process, they founded or co-founded major historical settlements in both principalities such as Trgu Neam (German: Niamtz), Baia (German: Stadt Molde or Moldennmarkt), Trgovite (German: Tergowisch), or Cmpulung (German: Langenau). Romanian-language map depicting the total territorial extent of the Saxon lands/seats in southern, south-eastern, and north-eastern Transylvania. mi.). Around 100,000 Germans fled before the Soviet Red Army, but Romania did not conduct the expulsion of Germans as did neighboring countries at war's end. Use the drop-down list to select a specific part of the site. Dunesdorf - Grosslasseln - Halvelagen - Kreisch - Malmkrog - Peschendorf The Transylvanian Saxons represented one of the three nations that made up the Transylvanian feudal system. Samuel von Brukenthal, former Habsburg governor of Transylvania. 5. ausgenommen dem Neugier-Faktor. They were subsequently allied with the Transylvanian Romanians and thus sided with the Austrian Empire in the context of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848. But as the years passed, Schuster was drawn back to Cincor, where she found a very different place to the one shed left. This video is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International license. The Web The predominantly German-populated Hermannstadt was a noteworthy cultural center within Transylvania in the past, while Kronstadt (Braov) represented a vital political center for the Transylvanian Saxons. If you liked this story,sign up for the weekly bbc.com features newslettercalled "The Essential List". (Bhlau Verlag, Kln), 1976. Map and list of Transylvanian Saxon villages; The History of Transylvania and the Transylvania Saxons by Dr. Konrad Gndisch; Transylvanian Saxon surnames; Transylvanian placenames in different languages ; General site on the Transylvanian Saxons . 4. 40% of the population of 1910), and between 1991 and 1992 another 75,000 emigrated. Barbu. The Transylvanian-Saxons or simply "Saxons," were ethnic Germans who had been invited to Transylvania in the 12th century by the Hungarian king, Geza II. My great aunt lived here for more than 70 years, said Zakel, who bought the house last year from a family member. 8. Apply this search to the main name collection, the letters in the pattern are compared to the letters in the name, search for an exact phrase by surrounding it with double quotes, this field understands simple boolean logic, force a term to be included by preceding it with a, force a term to be excluded by preceding it with a, sounds can only be searched in names that have been assigned pronunciations, syllables can only be counted in names that have been assigned pronunciations, names without pronunciations are excluded from results. The letters f and h only appear in loanwords. Nachnamen sind heute wichtig Individuellen und Familien ber Zeit zu identifizieren. ehrgeizig wurden, dieser (adjectives describing the person physically or their personality and Angehrige verschiedene Stmmewaren, gingen diese Mitgliedschaften Although the Teutonic Knights had left Transylvania, the Saxon colonists remained, and the king allowed them to retain the rights and obligations included within the Diploma Andreanum of 1224 by Hungarian King Andrew II. Historically, it has been spoken more in rural areas of Transylvania and to a lesser extent in the urban settlements where Transylvanian Saxons lived. At the same time, especially after Romania's accession into NATO and the EU, many Transylvanian Saxons are returning from Germany, reclaiming property lost to the former communist regime and/or starting up small and medium-sized enterprises. 46. Settlers from the Hermannstadt region spread into the Hrtibaciu River valley (German: Harbachtal) and to the foot of the Cibin (German: Zibin) and Sebe (German: Mhlbacher) mountains. The Transylvanian Saxons (German: Siebenbrger Sachsen; Hungarian: Erdlyi szszok; Romanian: Sai) are a people of German ethnicity who settled in Transylvania (German: Siebenbrgen) from the 12th century onwards. Upper part: the locator (with a special hat) receives the foundation charter from the landlord. Heading into Saxon Transylvania is to get a glimpse into ancient rural Europe. This document conferred upon the German population of the territory between Drueni (German: Draas, Romanian: Drueni) and Ortie (German: Broos, Romanian: Ortie) both administrative and religious autonomy and defined their obligations towards the Hungarian monarchs. associated with Transylvanian villages - Source: sszdied database In the Middle Ages, there were around 300 fortified Saxon churches in Transylvania; now only half of them still stand (Credit: Stephen McGrath). They lived from about the year 550 until 1066, although a small fraction survived after that. The period of Roman decline in the northwest area of the empire was marked by vigorous Saxon piracy in the North Sea. . The word means 'god-given' or ' gift of God .'. ersten Halter des Namens geben, gibt es, Some researchers think that surname meanings are of little value beyond the This agreement preserved a considerable degree of political rights for the three aforementioned groups but excluded the largely Hungarian and Romanian peasantry from political life in the principality. The Saxon Lutheran Church, a focal point of Saxon politics, lost 55% of its lands, and many towns lost over 50% of their private property (Gndisch 1). Nonetheless, one of the consequences of the Reformation was the emergence of an almost perfect equivalence, in the Transylvanian context, of the terms Lutheran and Saxon, with the Lutheran Church in Transylvania being de facto a "Volkskirche", i.e. The song of Transylvania) is the regional anthem of the Transylvanian Saxon community as well as an unofficial regional hymn of Transylvania, praising the region as a land of blessings and great natural beauty. The surrounding area became known as the Nsnerland. The official coat of arms of the town of Sibiu/Hermannstadt, with the water lily including the two swords therein. und ihre Orte It is an attachment felt by many with roots in this ancient community. Like flowers competing for pollinators, its states outdid each other in advertising economic privileges and . [39], The newly arrived Saxons outside in the Carpathian arch in the emerging medieval Romanian principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia brought urbanisation, craftsmanship, trade, and the so-called German law, under which the local administrations of medieval Romanian towns had operated in the beginning.[40]. All throughout this period of time, the Saxons in Transylvania served as administrators and military officers. Original file (SVG file, nominally 900 600 pixels, file size: 16 KB) File information. identifiers could change. Please enable JavaScript in your browser's settings to use this part of Geni. The colonization of Transylvania by Germans was begun by King Gza II of Hungary (11411162). dr. Thomas Ngler", Unsere Deutsche Wurzeln/Our German Roots - Namensemantik (Deutung) der Siebenbrgisch-Schsische Familliennamen (Surnames), Map and list of Transylvanian Saxon villages, An Outline of Transsilvanian-Saxon History by Klaus Popa, MA, The History of Transylvania and the Transylvania Saxons by Dr. Konrad Gndisch, Transylvanian placenames in different languages, General forum for the Transylvanian Saxons, 'Hover & Hear' pronunciations in the Transylvanian Saxon language, Visual short story about the Transylvanian Saxons (with many archive images), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transylvanian_Saxons&oldid=1141880666, Articles containing Romanian-language text, Articles containing Hungarian-language text, "Related ethnic groups" needing confirmation, Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters, Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Articles with German-language sources (de), Articles containing Spanish-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at 09:28. . The lyricist was Maximilian Leopold Moltke and the composer was Transylvanian Saxon Johann Lukas Hedwig from Hlchiu (German: Heldsdorf). However, throughout the passing of time, demographically, their numbers gradually dwindled and had been subsequently assimilated in the local medieval Wallachian and Moldavian cultures by the overwhelming Romanian ethnic majority. Cine le-a dat denumirea de sai colonitilor germani adui n Ardeal", "Twist in the tale of Pied Piper's kidnapping", "Alma Vii, Transylvania - The Transylvanian Saxons", "Kirchenburgen und mittelalterliche Kirchen in Siebenbrgen Landkarte". Warfare between the Habsburg monarchy and Hungary against the Ottoman Empire from the 16th18th centuries decreased the population of Transylvanian Saxons. : Out of 25 ancestral surnames, 12 or 13 look German: 1) Neumann . To the north of Hermannstadt they settled what they called the Weinland including the village of Nympz (Latin for Nema/Nimesch) near Mediasch (Romanian: Media). Known as "Transylvanian Saxons," they occupied parts of Romania for centuries, establishing autonomous fortresses, cities and villages. The Saxons made their mark. Map depicting the local autonomies in the Kingdom of Hungary during the 13th century (blue grey denotes Transylvanian Saxon autonomous medieval seats/territories). In the context of medieval Transylvania, the term Saxon was used to denote a nobleman's title and not necessarily someone who was German-speaking. Although the Hungarian control over Transylvania was defeated by Austrian and Imperial Russian forces in 1849, the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 (German: Ausgleich) between Austria and Hungary in 1867 did not represent a positive transformation for the political rights of the Saxons. Sibiu - the Cultural Capital of Transylvania and a fine example of 14th and 15th centuries urban planning. 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