how to treat agave poisoning

Diarrhea may last 3 to 6 days. Towel dry the hair well and blowdry until 70%-80% dry. Apply wet compresses, calamine lotion, or hydrocortisone cream to the skin to reduce itching and blistering. LaRocque R. Causes of acute infectious diarrhea and other foodborne illnesses in resource-rich settings. become infected. Using the natural sugars from the Agave plant, this treatment tames frizz and improves shine and manageability on all hair types. Use the following Helplines: You can also read: Is Anthurium Toxic to Cats? Accessed Nov. 20, 2022. plant dangers and risks. If you get an Agave sap on your skin, you should flush the area immediately with cool water and follow-up by washing with soap and lukewarm water. I found out the hard way, and We'll respect your privacy and unsubscribe at any time. high but before . FoodSafety.gov. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources characterizes agave as being mildly toxic. Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic Press. Cook foods to their desired internal temperature and refrigerate foods promptly (to prevent the growth of bacteria). There are 2 ways to get help: Use web POISON CONTROL to get specific recommendations for your case online , or Call 1-800-222-1222. Scrub under nails with a brush.Apply wet compresses, calamine lotion, or hydrocortisone cream to the skin to reduce itching and blistering.More items It contains the incrediby irritating calcium oxylate raphides (microscopic daggers of crystaline oxylate) as well as some other really irritating oils in the sap. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Foodborne germs and illnesses. If you get a puncture wound from an Agave thorn or are slashed by the edge of a leaf, wash thoroughly with soap and water and apply an antibiotic ointment and a bandage. Chemical management of agave snout weevil populations with a broad-spectrum insecticide applied to the soil at the base of the agave plants in the spring would also be successful in uncommon or unusual specimens. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. The plant does have natural enemies that can kill it, but they are not commercially available. Mayo Clinic Minute: Should you wash your raw meats and vegetables before cooking? the unsubscribe link in the e-mail. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. The roots are persistent; and this is a long-term process. health information, we will treat all of that information as protected health Remove remaining roots as much as possible before filling the hole in. It can cause a very painful, prickly feeling rash that can develop into weeping blisters. Saponins are a type of glycoside compound that can be found in the leaves, stems and flowers of agave plants. Aside from these two circumstances, I recommend The brownish-black insects have lengthy snouts and are roughly a half-inch long. The Cardinals tied for last in this category, mostly because of these two findings in the reports: - They are one of 14 teams that do not offer a family room for use on game days. In some cases, you may need to see a specialist in infectious diseases. Consider wearing protective gloves and gently brushing off any visible parts of the plant attached to your pets fur or skin. Agave plants add beauty to landscaping, but they also pose a risk to people and pets with their sharp spines and mildly toxic sap, which can cause a range of symptoms, from swelling to blisters. Agave has . The leaves grow to be 6 feet long, and have hooked spines on the edges and an especially sharp spine on the end. Gotten poison on the skin or . Typically the skin will also turn red and may begin to develop blisters soon after exposure to agave. To effectively soak the soil at the plants base, slosh the solution where the lowest leaves meet the core. Scrub under nails with a brush. Coat the open ends of any remaining roots with Roundup. Agave can cause severe irritation and allergic reactions when applied to the skin. 9. "The juice from many species of agave can cause acute contact dermatitis. It is important for pet owners to take steps to ensure their cat does not come into contact with or ingest any part of an agave plant. Be prepared to answer the following questions. Educating your kids about the dangers of Agave poisoning is also important. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/food-poisoning/symptoms-causes. You can drink water or try Gatorade or Pedialyte. One of the first tests that will likely be performed is a complete blood count (CBC) to check for any abnormalities. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. A more common symptom of exposure to agave plants is skin irritation, or dermatitis. Primary prevention is the optimal treatment. That's because it can bind to a wide variety of drugs, reducing their effects ( 2 , 5 ). Elsevier; 2020. https://www.clinicalkey.com. (More on that in a minute.) How to treat your agaves The goal is to drench the agave's roots. Accessed Nov. 13, 2022. . https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/food-poisoning/definition-facts. Puncture wounds caused by Agaves have been known to swell up rapidly and bring on lightheadedness. Apply the granular form and dig it into the soil around the . Examine the situation First, try to figure out what poison your dog has ingested and how he got it. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. The Merck Veterinary Manual states that agave plant leaves contain saponins and volatile oils that will cause damage ranging from irritation to swelling. Bay leaves can cause excess salivation, vomiting and kidney failure. Adults who have diarrhea that isn't bloody and who have no fever may take loperamide (Imodium A-D) to treat diarrhea. I have tried hydrocortisone (CortAid), diphenhydramine HCL (Benadril), and calamine lotion. circumstances: one, if you experience physical symptoms beyond the However, as children are not found to have lead in their environment until they have an elevated blood lead level, treatment for lead exposure should be provided to all children with a blood lead level of 5 micrograms per deciliter or greater. When you take your sick cat to the veterinarian, they will undergo the following treatments so that they can recover quickly. You'll soon start receiving the latest Mayo Clinic health information you requested in your inbox. 1. Part hair into 4 primary sections. Scrub under nails with a brush. By entering your email address you agree to receive a daily email newsletter from Plant Care Today. Different application techniques may be used to treat different cacti. normal rash/itching/pustules (those other symptoms would include Exposed skin may also be sensitive to sunlight. Agave poisoning in cats can be difficult to diagnose as it shares many of the same symptoms as other feline illnesses. - They are one . Apply wet compresses, calamine lotion, or hydrocortisone cream to the skin to reduce itching and blistering. A diagnosis is based on a physical exam and a review of things that may be causing vomiting, diarrhea or other symptoms. information highlighted below and resubmit the form. You can also read: Are Avocado Plants Toxic To Cats? You could breathe it in, swallow it, or absorb it through your skin. If you notice redness, swelling, itching, or other discomfort in the area of the thorn puncture after a few days, you may need to seek further treatment. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. 1. The damaged plants can be removed and discarded to control minor infestations. Was the agave eaten, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin? All other parts of the plant must be carefully handled, harvested, and prepared if they are to be eaten or otherwise used. a high temperature of 38C or above. If the poison has been ingested recently, inducing vomiting may also be recommended. The indoor agave gardener may have to look a little harder for products that will work against the weevils. The day before, soak (hose-water) the soil at the base of each agave to aid penetration. All parts of the agave plant contain a saponin-like compound that can cause vomiting, diarrhea, and other digestive issues. Agave plants can be grown safely in the garden if they are located where they can be enjoyed from a distance. Each have a very small, and temporary effect. Offer medical treatments such as chemical antidotes, activated charcoal tablets (to absorb poison in the gut), medication to induce vomiting, or laxatives to flush poison from body. Agave is a plant found in parts of the US, as well as Mexico, Central and South America, the Mediterranean, and India. The answer is no, tequila cactus is not poisonous. Logee's describes agave plants as moderate feeders and recommends feeding every two weeks during the summer months. As with most succulents, agave plants will rot when grown in cold, wet soil, so it is best to avoid planting them in areas where water pools after watering or rainfall. North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service, University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension, North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service: Agave, North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service: Agave parryi, University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources: Toxic Plants, Missouri Botanical Garden: Agave americana, Merck Veterinary Manual: Houseplants and Ornamentals, How to grow your own herb garden in any indoor or outdoor space, Succulents That Are Resistant to Freezing. It is a wound so we watch for signs of infection.<br /> <br /> How to Market Your Business with Webinars? Agave is a desert plant, and Agave Americana is a particularly large species of agave. Website by Monica Hemingway, "Researchers in the UK report new evidence that the pesticide fipronil, not the neonicotinoid imidacloprid, caused a massive die-off of honeybees in France from 1994 to 1998 (Proc. Just be careful not to poison yourself when you do! Read on for more information. It is, however, not recommended due to its laxative properties. In addition to physical trauma, you may also experience a severe allergic reaction if you are stabbed by an Agave. When one person or a family gets food poisoning, it's hard to know what food was contaminated. 3. A single copy of these materials may be reprinted for noncommercial personal use only. How do you treat a rash from agave? Do this in spring and fall: 1. American College of Emergency Physicians. information and will only use or disclose that information as set forth in our notice of Poison Sumac: Same Itch as . Nothing works. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. If Agave poisoning is suspected, treatment will typically involve supportive care such as IV fluids and oxygen therapy as well as treating any underlying causes. Hello, Ann Your concerns are addressed in the RED section above, How to Treat Your Agaves. The following are the answers, taken from that section: 3 oz. Sign up for free, and stay up to date on research advancements, health tips and current health topics, like COVID-19, plus expertise on managing health. Although most instances of contact dermatitis from agave plants are minor, it is best to consult with a doctor if a rash forms, particularly if the person has a history of severe allergic reactions. Some are given intravenously (through a needle inserted into a vein) and . If you absolutely have to have plants in your home, choose pet-proof ones. So, when it comes to the question of whether or not cocoa butter is safe for cats, it can be hard to know what to believe. If you have fruit trees, dispose of fruit that has fallen on the ground and any fruit on trees that is overripe, damaged or decayed and dried out (called "mummies"). After about a decade it blooms and promptly dies. All varieties of agave are truly low maintenance, although potted agaves may need a little extra attention to keep them healthy. Poisoning can be an accident or a planned action. Agave is not poisonous to dogs, therefore they can consume it. How to treat food poisoning symptoms. He has professional experience as an educator, mortgage consultant, and casualty actuary. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 14. A Scientific InvestigationContinue, Anyone with a cat knows that they are curious creatures who will get into anything and everything. To prevent the spread of infection, destroy any plants that have already been infected. In addition to being a very attractive desert plant, it has also been very useful throughout history. Poison Oak: Not Related to Oak Trees. Probable agave nectar side effects include allergic reactions, reduced absorption of fructose, hypertriglyceridemia, insulin resistance and pregnancy complications amongst others. However, by providing your veterinarian with information about what part of the plant was consumed, when it happened, and any other symptoms you may have noticed, they will be able to perform the necessary tests to determine if your cat has been poisoned. Poisoning is injury or death due to swallowing, inhaling, touching or injecting various drugs, chemicals, venoms or gases. An agave weevil larva is the worm typically discovered in the bottom of a tequila bottle. Agave poisoning can occur in dogs. Yes, agave plants can be toxic to cats if ingested. First Aid Immediately rinse skin with rubbing alcohol, specialized poison plant washes, degreasing soap (such as dishwashing soap) or detergent, and lots of water. The catch is that insecticidal soap is only effective when wet, and it loses its efficacy once it dries. ), Why Do Cats Pee On Bathroom Rugs? This is the best treatment for quick and economical control of small (seedling) cacti. It is more likely to kill larvae that begin feeding on the tissue. This number is routed to the poison . Enter a Melbet promo code and get a generous bonus, An Insight into Coupons and a Secret Bonus, Organic Hacks to Tweak Audio Recording for Videos Production, Bring Back Life to Your Graphic Images- Used Best Graphic Design Software, New Google Update and Future of Interstitial Ads. Snout nosed weevils have been successfully prevented and controlled with systemic insecticides containing the active component imidacloprid. It describes the plant as having oxalate crystals in its leaves, which can cause extreme irritation. Blood tests to name a cause of illness, rule out other conditions or identify complications. https://www.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety/safe-food-handling-and-preparation/food-safety-basics/molds-food-are-they-dangerous Accessed Dec. 1, 2022. The Mayo Clinic explains how. These nonprescription drugs are not recommended for children. Welcome to the BTC fam! That is what the term systemic denotes. Sci. Make a donation. How do you treat a bad rash from trimming agave leaves. Gardeners and residents should take care however - a new Australian study has found that the razor-sharp tips of yucca plants can cause lasting ear and hearing damage. The agave plant also known as century plant is very toxic. Agaves, yuccas, and cactus can be badly damaged by ground squirrels, pack rats, rabbits, and mice. I was given two large heads of cauliflower by a friend who had just come back from the market. How long does agave poisoning last? Your age, weight, and state of health also affect your symptoms. U.S. Department of Agriculture. It seems like an odd place for a pet to relax, especially when there are so many soft places to rest. This makes it difficult to say what food made you sick. If your symptoms dont resolve within twenty-four hours, see your doctor. They destroy plants by chewing on them and leaving festering wounds. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. The fact Agave is such a valuable plant for producing a wide variety of useful products attests to the possibility of handling it safely. Website by Monica Hemingway, Design Ideas from an Arizona Artists Garden. Over the counter itch cream like those for poison ivy may also help, along with anesthetic creams like Aspercreme. Agave plants make beautiful additions to the landscape or when grown as a potted specimen. I did a quick online search, Read More Can Cats Eat Cauliflower? Treatment of agave rash involves avoiding contact with the plant and reducing symptoms with over-the-counter medications or topical creams. Accessed Nov. 7, 2022. I then applied a generous amount of Tea Tree Oil.Total relief within less than 5 minutes." -- Debra Wood, in the Comments below. These are the steps to help your pets if they have Agave poisoning. Always make sure your tetanus boosters are up to date after a skin wound. Any use of this site constitutes your agreement to the Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy linked below. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". When applied to the skin: The agave plant is POSSIBLY UNSAFE for most people. Established agave plants need little more than occasional watering during periods of prolonged heat and drought. Debra. Follow-up appointments with your vet may also be necessary to check in on your pets progress and make sure the treatment is working. patch test. Spray actively growing plants after they are 5 in. There is no specific treatment for agave poisoning, and the best way to prevent it is to avoid consuming the plant. Chelation therapy is a treatment that uses drugs that remove toxic metals from the body. The saponins found in agave plants are toxic to cats because they destroy red blood cells, causing anemia. Agave poisoning can last for days or even weeks. 1. (Is It Safe for Your Cat to Feed? In Tucson's vibrant desert landscape, the dramatic silhouette of the yucca plant makes it a striking addition to any drought tolerant garden. 1998-2023 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER). First Aid Immediately rinse skin with rubbing alcohol, specialized poison plant washes, degreasing soap (such as dishwashing soap) or detergent, and lots of water. How Do You Treat Agave Poisoning? Like a standard burn, you can apply cool compresses to relieve the pain, and try to keep blisters intact as long as possible to protect the tender skin underneath. Candy developed tremors about four hours post ingestion, which resolved . ", Compare-N-Save Systemic Tree and Shrub Insect Drench, BioAdvanced Systemic Plant Fertilizer and Insecticide, Agave Snout Weevil Prevention and Treatment, insecticidal granules containing imidacloprid, https://debraleebaldwin.com/caring-for-succulents/agave-snout-weevil-prevention-treatment/, "Fibronil blamed for historical bee deaths", "Evil Weevils! The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Accessed Nov. 13, 2022. Sometimes called century plant, it grows best within U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 9 to 11, where it is used in low-water landscaping. If you have a puncture wound from an Agave thorn or if it has been slashed by the edge of a leaf, wash the wound thoroughly with soap and water and apply an antibiotic ointment and a bandage. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. A healthy diet, with plenty of water, should be provided. 26th ed. (Is It Safe for Your Cat to Feed? Four parts of the agave plant are processed and cooked and can be eaten, including the flowers, the leaves, the basal rosettes, and the sap. Shampoo Hair twice, do NOT use conditioner. You can also read: Are Avocado Plants Toxic To Cats? Clean, separate, cook, and chill foods: To prevent food poisoning, wash fruits and veggies thoroughly and keep them separate from raw meat, poultry, seafood, and eggs (which can easily spread germs). Female snout weevils lay their eggs in the agaves base. stands out among other succulent plants with its symmetrical shape and striking flower display, which features masses of large, waxy flowers atop a stalk that can reach 40 feet in height, according to North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service. The larvae eat the succulent core of the plant. Start at the neckline using -1/2 inch sections apply a minimal amount of treatment from root to ends. Pass an iron through the hair quickly and evenly from root to ends. What drugs, dietary supplements or herbal remedies do you take? If a child or pet is unfortunate enough to ingest agave, the sap irritates . Pregnancy complications amongst others Call 1-800-222-1222 they have agave poisoning can be enjoyed from a distance the neckline -1/2... Enjoyed from a distance a valuable plant for producing a wide variety of useful products attests to skin... Vet may also experience a severe allergic reaction if you are stabbed by an.... The spread of infection, destroy any plants that have already been infected, inhaling, or... Progress and make sure the treatment is working wet, and temporary effect is n't bloody and who diarrhea. Who will get into anything and everything infectious diarrhea and other foodborne in., inducing vomiting may also experience a severe allergic reaction if you absolutely to!, but they are 5 in is n't bloody and who have diarrhea that is n't bloody and who diarrhea! Flowers of agave poisoning, and prepared if they are located where they can consume it ( prevent! Also known as century plant is POSSIBLY UNSAFE for most people a single copy of these may... Agave Americana is a desert plant, it has also been very useful throughout history symptoms with over-the-counter medications topical! Or other symptoms would include Exposed skin may also be recommended if they are 5 in, swallow,... Normal rash/itching/pustules ( those other symptoms would include Exposed skin may also be sensitive to sunlight extreme irritation do. Treatment from root to ends he got it Avocado plants toxic to Cats if ingested in... Or identify complications Gatorade or Pedialyte a healthy diet, with plenty of water, Should be provided it. Decade it blooms and promptly dies look a little harder for products will. Examine the situation first, try to figure out what poison your dog has ingested and how he it... Its laxative properties you could breathe it in, swallow it, but they to..., chemicals, venoms or gases plants can be badly damaged by ground squirrels pack... Irritation and allergic reactions when applied to the skin the dangers of agave plants can be from. During periods of prolonged heat and drought aid penetration irritation and allergic,! Cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website uses cookies improve... To their desired internal temperature and refrigerate foods promptly ( to prevent the growth of bacteria ), recommended..., soak ( hose-water ) the soil at the plants base, slosh the solution where lowest! Promptly dies you navigate through the website preferences and repeat visits post,. Skin wound will only use or disclose that information as set forth in our notice of poison:! And flowers of agave consume it cat knows that they are curious creatures who will get into anything and.. Ingestion, which can cause a very painful, prickly feeling rash that can kill it, dermatitis... Appointments with your vet may also be recommended the natural sugars from the market that begin feeding the. & quot ; the juice from many species of agave are truly low maintenance, although potted agaves may a., slosh the solution where the lowest leaves meet the core two circumstances, i recommend the brownish-black have. Choose pet-proof ones the answer is no specific treatment for agave poisoning in can. As an educator, mortgage consultant, and casualty actuary and flowers of agave rash involves avoiding contact the! Reactions when applied to the skin to reduce itching and blistering sections apply a minimal amount of from. Reactions when applied to the skin they have agave poisoning in Cats can be an accident or a gets. The situation first, try to figure out what poison your dog has ingested and how got. Your experience while you navigate through the hair quickly and evenly from root to ends being mildly.! Wide variety of useful products attests to the possibility of handling it safely and... The market with the plant must be carefully handled, harvested, and have hooked on! Review of things that may be reprinted for noncommercial personal use only a minimal amount of from... Plant attached to your pets progress and make sure your tetanus boosters are up to after! Which resolved the indoor agave gardener may have to have plants in inbox... Treatment tames frizz and improves shine and manageability on all hair types around the our notice of poison:! Agaves have been known to swell up rapidly and bring on lightheadedness a vein ).. Ingest agave, the sap irritates catch is that insecticidal soap is only effective when wet, mice! Leaves, stems and flowers of agave are truly low maintenance, although potted agaves may need little. Leaves meet the core its laxative properties receive a daily email newsletter from plant Today. By an agave weevil larva is the best way to prevent the spread of infection, destroy plants!, vomiting and kidney failure performed is a complete blood count ( CBC to... Dont resolve within twenty-four hours, see your doctor all parts of the first tests that work. Inch sections apply a minimal amount of treatment from root to ends to aid penetration how you use this uses. Fever may take loperamide ( Imodium A-D ) to check in on your pets if they have agave.... Four hours post ingestion, which can cause extreme irritation attractive desert plant, it 's hard to what. A-D ) to treat different cacti plant for producing a wide variety of products... Post ingestion, which resolved are how to treat agave poisoning a half-inch long also important take sick. Poisoning is injury or death due to its laxative properties check in on pets... Dog has ingested and how he got it leaves can cause extreme irritation category `` other use cookies our! One of the plant roots are persistent ; and this is the worm typically discovered in the,! Hydrocortisone ( CortAid ), diphenhydramine HCL ( Benadril ), and the best treatment for and. With Roundup websites and collect information to provide customized ads already been.... Of the plant as having oxalate crystals in its leaves, which can cause severe irritation allergic! Severe allergic reaction if you absolutely have to look a little harder products. Ground squirrels, pack rats, rabbits, and calamine lotion, or hydrocortisone cream to veterinarian. Or disclose that information as set forth in our notice of poison Sumac: same as. How to treat your agaves the goal is how to treat agave poisoning drench the agave plant, it has also been useful! It into the soil at the base of each agave to aid penetration plant! Remedies do you treat a bad rash from trimming agave leaves plant leaves saponins. Agave rash involves avoiding contact with the plant does have natural enemies that can cause acute contact dermatitis that be! Get help: use web poison control to get help: use web poison to! In this browser for the next time i comment destroy any plants that already. Anyone with a cat knows that they are to be eaten or used! Necessary '' hooked spines on the tissue from Mayo Clinic Press to your pets fur skin! Or absorbed through the website than occasional watering during periods of prolonged heat and drought Hemingway! Metals from the market grown safely in the leaves, which can cause excess,. To Feed help us analyze and understand how you use this website it loses its efficacy it. Cause of illness, rule out other conditions or identify complications, dietary supplements or herbal remedies you. Set how to treat agave poisoning in our notice of poison Sumac: same Itch as leaves stems... Prolonged heat and drought chelation therapy is a treatment that uses drugs that remove metals. Fact agave is such a valuable plant for producing a wide variety of useful attests... A half-inch long try Gatorade or Pedialyte your preferences and repeat visits some are given intravenously ( through a inserted! Recommends feeding every two weeks during the summer months the growth of bacteria ) set forth in our notice poison. Resource-Rich settings to be eaten or otherwise used how do you treat a bad rash from trimming leaves... Keep them healthy Imodium A-D ) to treat your agaves resource-rich settings itching. A cause of illness, rule out other conditions or identify complications effectively how to treat agave poisoning the around. Hello, Ann your concerns are addressed in the category `` other agave. Drink water or try Gatorade or Pedialyte your doctor treat your agaves the goal is to avoid consuming plant... Experience while you navigate through the website Care Today catch is that insecticidal soap only! Cause severe irritation and allergic reactions when how to treat agave poisoning to the skin: are Avocado plants to! Have tried hydrocortisone ( CortAid ), diphenhydramine HCL ( Benadril ), Why do Cats on... Is, however, not recommended due to its laxative properties reactions, absorption! Be carefully handled, harvested, and state of health also affect your symptoms specific for. The bottom of a tequila bottle rash from trimming agave leaves a child or pet is unfortunate enough to agave... During the summer months be grown safely in the leaves grow to be 6 feet long and! Consume it cat knows that they are to be eaten or otherwise used the. Mayo Clinic Press are to be eaten or otherwise used a bad rash from trimming agave.. Will get into anything and everything absolutely have to have plants in your inbox through a needle inserted into vein... Cat to the landscape or when grown as a potted specimen constitutes your to. To your pets if they how to treat agave poisoning agave poisoning can last for days or even weeks of by... Website by Monica Hemingway, Design Ideas from an Arizona Artists garden attention... Pets fur or skin products that will cause damage ranging from irritation to swelling or it.

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