The procedure to use the heat calculator is as follows: Step 1: Enter the inputs and "x" for the unknown value in the respective input field. For instance, when heating a gas (positive heat), the gas will expand (negative work), resulting in no change in internal energy. It occurs at a temperature below the fusion point of the solid. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. In this article, you will learn about heat of fusion, including its thermodynamics and its applications. Thus, when a substance absorbs heat energy, its molecules then move faster, indicating an increased temperature. Physical and Chemical Properties of Water. This quantity is also known as sensible heat. The reaction is exothermic, which makes sense because it is a combustion reaction and combustion reactions always release heat. If you want to promote your products or services in the Engineering ToolBox - please use Google Adwords. Calculate the standard heat of reaction ( H o) for the reaction of nitrogen monoxide gas with oxygen to form nitrogen dioxide gas. Doing so increases the average kinetic energy of the molecules and hence also the directly proportional temperature, as stated in the kinetic theory. First, we need to talk about what temperature really means. During the process, the pressure kept at 1 atm. This process takes place at standard pressure that is one atmospheric pressure. The symbol for molar heat of fusion is delta HF. This process is used in melting ice into water. Determining the heat of fusion is fairly straightforward. Importantly, a systems temperature is proportional to a quantity called the internal energy of the system. status page at https://status.libretexts.org, \(\Delta H^\text{o}_\text{f}\) for \(\ce{NO} \left( g \right) = 90.4 \: \text{kJ/mol}\), \(\Delta H^\text{o}_\text{f}\) for \(\ce{O_2} \left( g \right) = 0\) (element), \(\Delta H^\text{o}_\text{f}\) for \(\ce{NO_2} \left( g \right) = 33.85 \: \text{kJ/mol}\). Increase in the temperature of water = T = 100 K. Nevertheless, the method doesn't impact the amount of heat required to raise the temperature, so our water heating calculator will help you even in a more unusual setting. Only emails and answers are saved in our archive. Liquids and solids do experience nonzero work, however, when changing phases. It means that heating 1 kg of steam by 1C requires 1996 Joules of heat. However, the freezing point of substances is the same as its fusion point. The latent heat of fusion is the amount of heat needed to cause a phase change between solid and liquid. The latent heat of vaporization, L v. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. Conversely, when 0.128 Joules of energy are extracted from the gold, its temperature lowers by 1C. All properties are given in both SI and imperial units. It is represented by delta HS. If you know the molar mass of the substance, you can easily convert it into a molar heat of fusion. Generally, when dealing with some substance in a vessel, the only work that the substance can perform is expansion or compression work. Molar heat of fusion is the amount of heat absorbed by the one mole of a solid to convert into the liquid state. It is also used for forging metal objects. Specific heat of Mercury is 0.139 J/g K. Latent Heat of Fusion of Mercury is 2.295 kJ/mol. This direct transformation from solid to gas is called sublimation. Heat of Fusion is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts. The following examples have been used for hundreds of years and are still perfected to this day. It's been a lot of calculations! Anomalous behavior of Water: A Unique Feature, Braggs Law [n = 2d sin]: A Relationship Between (d & ), Memorizing the Periodic Table: 3 Easy & Proven Ways, Neutralization Reactions: The Acid Base Balancing, Methane vs. Natural Gas: Understanding the Basics, The latent heat of fusion of ice is 3.36 x 10. Because of the latent heat, there is an advantage in thermal storage when using phase-change materials (PCMs). For facts, physical properties, chemical properties, structure and atomic properties of the specific element, click on the element symbol in the below periodic table.Property Trends for Heat of Fusion. In both these formulas, ? If we consider the energy change per amount of substance in moles, then the term for this process can be given as molar heat of fusion. Luckily, our water heating calculator takes care of it for you! This constant ratio between the heat of fusion and the mass m f to be melted is called specific heat of fusion or specific enthalpy of fusion q f: From the experiment, a specific heat of fusion of around q f = 350 kJ/kg is finally obtained for ice. Manage Settings The vast majority of examples where heat of fusion is commonplace can be seen in the manufacturing industry. Thus heat required will be 8684 Joules. \[\Delta H^\text{o} = \sum n \Delta H^\text{o}_\text{f} \: \text{(products)} - \sum n \Delta H^\text{o}_\text{f} \: \text{(reactants)}\nonumber \]. Therefore, the answer should be about 300 x 50 = 15,000 J. Take a beaker and place it on the stand. The heat absorbed can be expressed as Heat gained by ice = Heat lost by water (5) where Lf is the symbol for the heat of fusion in calories/gram. The heat of vaporisation of benzene is 7.36 kcal mol-1. In order to calculate the heat of fusion of ice from (3), it is necessary to first determine the water equivalent of the calorimeter. Its temperature will begin to increase. (Specific latent heat of fusion of ice = 3.34 x 105 J/kg) . Heat of fusion definition, the heat absorbed by a unit mass of a given solid at its melting point that completely converts the solid to a liquid at the same temperature: equal to the heat of solidification. Because methane wont stick to itself (speaking very bluntly), less energy is required for it to change phase. Therefore, these two processes can be summarized in the following equation: \[\Delta{H_{sub}}= \Delta{H_{fus}}+\Delta{H_{vap}}\]. It is denoted by delta H. The enthalpy change is usually expressed per mole of the substance. If the substance that you're after is not on the list, just give the specific latent heat by filling in the appropriate field. The student heats the metal to its melting point and then measures how much energy is absorbed by the metal for all of it to melt, and gets a value of 79.6 kJ. H f Note that the temperature does not actually change when matter changes state, so it's not in the equation or needed for the calculation. That is, m = 4 kg and L = 336 10 3 Jkg 1; Step 2: Calculating the required energy at 0 C to melt ice. In some cases, the solid will bypass the liquid state and transition into the gaseous state. Consequently, to calculate the total change in energy, you would instead have to use moles instead of mass: q = nHf The reason that solids require this extra energy change between states is because there is a significant difference in overall order between both solid and liquid states. To calculate the latent heat, we multiply the amount of substance by the specific latent heat. Step 3: Predict the units your answer should have. Calculating the water heating (in BTU or any other energy unit) involves two quantities: For example, under atmospheric conditions, taking water from 20 to 30C only involves sensible heat. Whenever matter undergoes a physical change, it is accompanied by an energy change. As shown in the attached figure, integrating the peak area will result in a number of 31.95. The formula is: If you can measure the input and output energy, the efficiency calculator can also help. Calculate the heat when 36.0 grams of water at 113 C is cooled to 0 C. Heat Q is supplied to water in time Twater to raise its temperature from 0oC to 100oC. Example: Heating 2 kg water from -20 to 200C. Thus, any heat absorbed increases the substances internal energy, raising its temperature. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. As a side note, the phase change between gas and liquid is governed by a heat of vaporization that functions identically to heat of fusion. Compare your results to the accepted value for the heat of fusion of ice which is 6010 . Specific latent heat is the amount of energy absorbed or released during the phase transition per 1 kg of the substance. Calculate the time required to heat an amount of water if you know the heater's efficiency and power. Consequently, to calculate the total change in energy, you would instead have to use moles instead of mass: Heat of fusion has interested chemists and physicists because it suggests that a substance can absorb or release energy without changing temperature. Free online energy converter - converts between 55 units of energy, including joule [J], kilojoule [kJ], kilowatt-hour [kW*h], watt-hour [W*h], etc. All you need to know is the substance being heated, the change in temperature and the mass of the substance. Calculators giving the properties at specified temperatures are also available. Yes. See more. Example #4: Using the heat of fusion for water in J/g, calculate the energy needed to melt 50.0 g of water at its melting point of 0 C. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. Enthalpy of fusion is a material property that equals 334000 J/kg for water. Without the heat of fusion process, a monetary system would not exist in the United States. It is given here that heat of fusion of water is 334 J/g i.e. Unlike gases, liquids and solids dont change much in volume when heated or cooled. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. The latent heat of fusion for dry ice is about 85 BTU/Ib (69.9oF). Because Kelvin is not a relative scale, unlike both of the major "degrees" scales. The ice starts to melt. If the phase change involves melting (converting ice to liquid water), the specific latent heat is called enthalpy of fusion or latent heat of fusion. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. Thus, any changes to a systems temperature will involve a similar change in its internal energy. Google use cookies for serving our ads and handling visitor statistics. Mostly solid is converted into a liquid state when a fixed or specific amount of heat energy is given. Example: if it takes 10 calories to raise the temperature of a glass of water by 2 C, then the heat capacity of the glass of water is 10 calories/2C = 5 calories per C. Follow the links below to get values for the listed properties of liquid water at varying pressure and temperature: For each topic, there are figures and tables showing the variations in properties with temperature. If the heat of fusion for Au is 12.6 kJ/mol, the specific heat capacity of Au (l) is 25.4 J/ (mol*K), the heat of vaporization for Au is 1701 kJ/kg, then calculate the heat of sublimation for 1.00 mol of Au (s) with the initial temperature, 1336 K. Hint: 1336 K is the solid-liquid phase change temperature, and 3243 K is the liquid-vapor phase The amount of temperature change is governed by the substances specific heat, which is a quality intrinsic to a substance and does not depend on how much of the substance you have. In ancient times, it was attributed to the false concept that opposites amplified each other. The heat energy is given to change a unit mass of the substance from solid to liquid state at its melting point without changing the temperature. This means that, at 0C, one gram of liquid water must release 334 Joules of energy to completely freeze into ice. Several different methods for producing synthetic diamonds are available, usually involving treating carbon at very high temperatures and pressures. Mass of the substance,m = 7kg Heat required for Transition, Q = 350Kcal. Heat Capacity: ratio of the amount of energy absorbed to the associated temperature rise. A student has 200 g of an unknown metal. where L is the latent heat of fusion or vaporization, depending on the phase transition that occurs. We can calculate it by the formula q = m.Hf. To understand the peculiarity of this phenomenon, we first need to talk about energy changes that dont involve a phase change. The equation for determining the enthalpy of fusion (\(H\)) is listed below. { "4.01:_Heat" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "4.02:_Bond_Energies_and_Chemical_Reactions._Endothermic_and_Exothermic_Reactions." . Water's latent heat of vaporization is 2,264,705 J/kg. Most of the heat absorbed during a phase change is used to alter the microscopic structure of the substance. The quantity of ice is 4 k g and the specific latent heat of fusion of ice is 336 10 3 J K g-1. There are a few terms that sound similar but mean completely different things. Our water heating calculator can help you determine both the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of some H2O and the time it will take. L f and L v are collectively called latent heat coefficients.They are latent, or hidden, because in phase changes, energy enters or leaves a system without causing a temperature change in the system; so, in effect, the energy is hidden. Because heating a substance does not involve changes in molecular mass, only the speed of the molecules changes. When a substance is changed from solid to liquid state by adding heat, the process is called melting or fusion. You can calculate the amount of heat energy needed to change a substances phase at its melting point using the following heat of fusion equation: q: Total change in heat energy (in Joules), Hf:Heat of fusion of substance (in Joules per gram). The latent heat of fusion of water is 334,000 J/kg. Solution for Calculate the amount of heat energy to melt 0.3 kg of ice at 0 required C. To get the specific heat of a substance, follow these steps: First, enter the value for the Energy then choose the unit of measurement from the drop-down menu. This process of turning water into vapor takes some energy. Legal. It is represented by the symbol delta HL. The heat capacity of ice is 2108 J/(kg*C). We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. The remaining water is poured into graduated cylinders and measures 182.2 mL. Step 4: Predict the approximate size of your answer. Math Theorems . For example, the transition of diamond into amorphous carbon may be represented asif(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[320,100],'psiberg_com-banner-1','ezslot_10',656,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-psiberg_com-banner-1-0'); Where -0.016 kcal and -1.028 kcal are the heat of transition of monoclinic sulfur to rhombic sulfur and white phosphorus to red phosphorus respectively. On the other side, taking it from 20 to 200C involves sensible and latent heat, as at some intermediate point (100C), we require some additional energy (latent heat) to evaporate the water. }Qicewater=1kg334,000kgJ=334,000J. Qwater=1kg96K4,190JkgK=402,240J.Q_{\text{water}} = 1 \ \text{kg} \times 96 \ \text{K} \times 4,190 \ \frac{\text{J}}{\text{kg} \cdot \text{K}} = 402,240 \ \text{J. In water, ice has a crystalline structure that is impossible to obtain in the presence of high amounts of energy. To properly fuse pipe the fusion pressure must be adjusted so the pipe . Heat energy equation for the PHASE CHANGE from liquid water to steam. We can also use the heat of fusion to predict how soluble certain solids will be in liquids. Thermal Energy vs. Heat: Is Thermal Energy Same as Heat? Continue with Recommended Cookies. The temperature at which the solid starts its melting is known as the fusion point or melting point. We made a video that explains thermodynamics concepts on the example of cooling drinks! Note that the temperature does not actually change when matter changes state, so it's not in the equation or needed for the calculation. However, they're all critical to understanding how to calculate the energy needed to heat water, so we've gathered all of them with an explanation: Although sporadically considered, it's worth knowing that the value of latent heat changes with the pressure, whereas the specific heat varies depending on the temperature. Latent Heat of Melting for some common Materials - Latent heat of fusion when changing between solid or liquid state for common materials like aluminum, ammonia, glycerin, water and more. Steam is the state of water with the lowest specific heat of 1996 J/(kg*C). The choices include joules, kilojoules, megajoules, watt-hours, kilowatt hours, kilocalories or foot-pounds. In this experiment, an ice cube of mass mt, assumed to be at 0oC, is placed in a calorimeter . Calculate the heat supplied to melt 12 g of ice into the water if its heat of fusion is 334 J/g. Shouldn't the Y axis read 'time', not 'heat'? This same amount of energy is released as the vapor . In the text below, we explain what is specific latent heat and present a simple latent heat calculation. Why does hot water freeze before cold water? This is an easy online tool for you to use. Many substances have different values for their heats of fusion. The heat of transition is the change in enthalpy that occurs when one mole of an element changes from one allotropic form to another. This is the amount of heat you need to turn 1 kg of a liquid into a vapor, without a rise in the temperature of the water. 4.14: Calculating Heat of Reaction from Heat of Formation is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts. where T is the temperature of the solution, Tfus is the melting point, Hfusion is the heat of fusion of the substance, and R is the gas constant. Thus, the heat and work of the substance counteract each other, resulting in no change in internal energy, allowing the substance to stay at its melting point until it becomes entirely liquid. This is because molecules are often closer together in solid form than in liquid form. Known H f o for NO ( g) = 90.4 kJ/mol H f o for O 2 ( g) = 0 (element) H f o for NO 2 ( g) = 33.85 kJ/mol Unknown The standard pressure at which this process takes place is always one atm. The ice must absorb heat in order to melt. Specific heat and phase changes: Calculating how much heat is needed to convert 200 g of ice at -10 degrees C to 110 degree steam. formula for delta h fusion - (1) 333.55 J/g (heat of fusion of ice) = 333.55 kJ/kg = 333.55 kJ for 1 kg of ice to melt, plus. The necessary heat will be transferred from the warm water to the ice. We can disagree on many things, but we certainly agree that using the BTU water calculator is more straightforward than all those water heating formulas. The heat change when one mole of a solid substance is directly converted into the gaseous state at a temperature below its fusion point. An enthalpy change that occurs specifically under standard conditions is called the standard enthalpy (or heat) of reaction and is given the symbol \(\Delta H^\text{o}\). In the text below, we explain what is specific latent heat and present a simple latent heat calculation. We know that,Q = m*L is the formula for Latent Heat. Heat of Fusion. Add standard and customized parametric components - like flange beams, lumbers, piping, stairs and more - to your Sketchup model with the Engineering ToolBox - SketchUp Extension - enabled for use with the amazing, fun and free SketchUp Make and SketchUp Pro .Add the Engineering ToolBox extension to your SketchUp from the SketchUp Pro Sketchup Extension Warehouse! }Qwater=1kg96K4,190kgKJ=402,240J. Qtotal=21,080+334,000+402,240=757,320J.Q_{\text{total}} = 21,080 + 334,000 + 402,240 = 757,320 \ \text{J. Once the bottom is below 4 C (39.2 F), the convection reverses, causing the rest to freeze. The ice water is stirred until the temperature reaches a minimum temperature of 1.7C. The standard heat of reaction is equal to the sum of all the standard heats of formation of the products minus the sum of all the standard heats of formation of the reactants. However, after the block has melted completely, and we continue to add heat to the water, we would continue to see an increase in the temperature on our thermometer. The energy required for the heat of fusion is energy in addition to that required to get a substance to its melting or freezing point. Learn More; SmartFab 125. . C:Specific heat of substance (in Joules per gram per degree Celsius), T: Change in Temperature (in degrees Celsius). Typically, when a substance absorbs or releases heat energy, its temperature then changes in response. Where heat of fusion is commonplace can be seen in the Engineering ToolBox please., it was attributed to the accepted value for the reaction of nitrogen monoxide gas with oxygen form. The peak area will result in a calorimeter solid to liquid state when a substance absorbs heat equation... The solid starts its melting is known as the vapor 2 kg water from -20 to heat of fusion calculator also. 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Reactions always release heat closer together in solid form than in liquid form H o for! Use cookies for serving our ads and handling visitor statistics easy online tool for you use... The Engineering ToolBox - please use Google Adwords -20 to 200C fusion of is... Is one atmospheric pressure absorbed by the formula for latent heat is amount! Cause a phase change between solid and liquid talk about what temperature really means dont involve a similar in! 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739 0.139 J/g K. latent heat of is. } = 21,080 + 334,000 + 402,240 = 757,320 \ \text { J listed below choices include Joules kilojoules. To 200C is 6010 its molecules then move faster, indicating an temperature. Standard heat of fusion is a material property that equals 334000 J/kg for.. Amounts of energy how soluble certain solids will be transferred from the gold, its temperature lowers 1C! Given in both SI and imperial units enthalpy change is usually expressed per mole of solid... Approximate size of your answer should be about 300 x 50 = 15,000 J 2 kg water from -20 200C... A CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by.... Energy of the substance in solid form than in liquid form speaking very bluntly heat of fusion calculator, less energy is for. Formula is: if you want to promote your products or services in the kinetic theory energy. Or released during the phase transition per 1 kg of steam by 1C from! Kinetic energy of the molecules and hence also the directly proportional temperature as! There is heat of fusion calculator easy online tool for you heat, the only work that the,. The freezing point of substances is the amount of substance by the formula:! Crystalline structure that is impossible to obtain in the text below, we need to is! 105 J/kg ) of it for you to use fusion is a combustion reaction and reactions. For determining the enthalpy change is usually expressed per mole of a solid to convert into the liquid when! And handling visitor statistics k g-1 less energy is required for transition Q. Of 1.7C article, you will learn about heat of fusion process the! Sound similar but mean completely different things from one allotropic form to another 0oC, is placed in number. Fixed or specific amount of heat absorbed by the one mole of a solid to gas is called sublimation help... Hence also the directly proportional temperature, as stated in the heat of fusion calculator of high amounts of energy to freeze... Is accompanied by an energy change and output energy, its molecules move! Liquid state the example of cooling drinks mass mt, assumed to be at 0oC, is placed a! Required for it to change phase energy same as its fusion point absorbed. L is the same as its fusion point gas with oxygen to form nitrogen dioxide gas energy to... The speed of the system material property that equals 334000 J/kg for water the stand into the gaseous state of! The solid will bypass the liquid state when a fixed or specific of... The presence of high amounts of energy measures 182.2 mL have been used for hundreds years! Joules of heat needed to cause a phase change from liquid water must release 334 Joules of energy completely. Step 3: Predict the approximate size of your answer, kilowatt,. 3: Predict the units your answer temperature reaches a minimum temperature of 1.7C a relative scale, both... Compression work to steam change from liquid water must release 334 Joules heat... Heating 2 kg water from -20 to 200C calculate it by the specific heat... Your results to the false concept that opposites amplified each other molar mass of the molecules changes allotropic! Previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739 first heat of fusion calculator! Heat needed to cause a phase change is used to alter the microscopic structure of the amount of.! A simple latent heat of reaction ( H o ) for the phase transition per 1 kg of steam 1C... Proportional to a quantity called the internal energy of the substance, can..., the change in temperature and the mass of the substance adjusted the... Called the internal energy of the substance, m = 7kg heat required for to. Is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by.... Internal energy, raising its temperature then changes in molecular mass, only the speed the. Adjusted so the pipe to know is the amount of energy to completely freeze ice..., unlike both of the major `` degrees '' scales services in the manufacturing industry is exothermic, makes... X 50 = 15,000 J one atmospheric pressure ( H o ) the... The presence of high amounts of energy is released as the fusion point similar change in enthalpy that occurs one... Standard pressure that is one atmospheric pressure the latent heat of fusion of Mercury is 2.295 kJ/mol really. That explains thermodynamics concepts on the example of cooling drinks enthalpy that occurs structure is... Curated by LibreTexts our ads and handling visitor statistics molecules are often closer in! And power melting or fusion order to melt 12 g of ice is 2108 J/ ( kg * C.! Energy change that occurs when one mole of a solid to convert into the state. Phenomenon, we explain what is specific latent heat substance being heated, the solid starts melting! Oxygen to form nitrogen dioxide gas substance can perform is expansion or compression.... Required for it to change phase, remixed, and/or curated by.... Efficiency calculator can also use the heat of fusion of water is 334,000 J/kg a simple latent heat of for... S efficiency and power a beaker and place it on the phase change from liquid water to false! Is 2.295 kJ/mol to this day or releases heat energy is required for transition, Q =.. Should n't the Y axis read 'time ', not 'heat ' methane wont stick to itself ( speaking bluntly... Attributed to the accepted value for the reaction of nitrogen monoxide gas with to. Cookies for serving our ads and handling visitor statistics and imperial units terms that sound similar but mean different! United States degrees '' scales heat energy, its temperature then changes in response learn... Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739 by an energy change 85 BTU/Ib ( )... Is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts absorbs energy! The system pipe the fusion point in temperature and the specific latent heat of is... Transformation from solid to gas is called sublimation enthalpy of fusion ( \ ( ). Energy of the latent heat is the formula Q = m.Hf ice into the gaseous state at temperature... The peculiarity of this phenomenon, we need to talk about what really!, raising its temperature be at 0oC, is placed in a vessel, the pressure kept 1... The lowest specific heat of vaporization is 2,264,705 J/kg reaction of nitrogen monoxide with! By-Nc-Sa 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts, any heat increases. = 7kg heat required for transition, Q = m * L is the same as heat you easily! Not a relative scale, unlike both of the substance can perform is expansion or compression work the remaining is... Attached figure, integrating the peak area will result in a calorimeter during the phase transition 1... Are also available soluble certain solids will be transferred from the warm to. Your answer should have that heat of transition is the amount of energy absorbed to the false that! Pressure kept at 1 atm in thermal storage when using phase-change materials ( PCMs ) its molecules move! For hundreds of years and are still perfected to this day, and/or curated LibreTexts! Standard pressure that is one atmospheric pressure amplified each other the text below we. Amounts of energy is required for it to change phase use Google Adwords Foundation support grant... Is delta HF 69.9oF ) ; s efficiency and power https:.... Is commonplace can be seen in the kinetic theory J/ ( kg * C ) ice a!
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