This essay is about the case study of Clive Wearing, a musician who developed encephalitis which attacked his central nervous system. Researchers should always conduct research in an ethical manner and studies should always be critically evaluated for ethical issues. They're also versatile, and a bit careless. I havent heard anything, seen anything, touched anything, smelled anything Its like being dead. Aftermath of his head injury was an epileptic seizure. An electronic journal keeps them up to date with their life and the events of the past years. listeners: [], She later changed her mind, returning to England to spend time with Clive. H.M. forgot things almost as soon as they took place. We have learned more and more about less and less, and in the process, sometimes miss the forest for the trees. He was fated to live moment to moment, with no past, and no future. He knew basic skills, like eating with utensils, but memories of people and events completely disappeared. Amnesia can affect people temporarily or permanently, and it doesnt discriminate. But Clive can never be the same man he was before the virus entered his brain. So as you can probably tell from the title i'm interested in the case of Clive Wearing. In 1985, due to a mild case of herpes that passed the blood-brain barrier, Wearing experienced both anterograde and retrograde amnesia. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. Thats why Clive is capable of reading music, playing complex piano and organ pieces, and even conducting a choir. The virus attacked his central nervous system and caused significant brain damage. On 27th March 1985, he got in touch with a virus that directly attacked his central nervous system creating an infection in the brain. He could not transfer information from STM tLTM. He is aware, for example, that he has children from a previous marriage, even though he doesnt remember their names or any other detail about them. [5], Despite having no memory of specific musical pieces when they are mentioned by name and an extremely limited recall of his previous musical knowledge, Wearing remains capable of playing complex piano and organ pieces, sight-reading and conducting a choir.[6]. The autobiographical self needs an ongoing sense of past and present, a collection of short and long-term memories, coalescing and re-coalescing together to generate selfhood, an operative agency to function in the world. succeed. Whenever Deborah enters the room, Clive greets her with great joy and affection. Ethical considerations in all research in psychology includes, But there are slight exceptions for consent and deception, Animal research has slightly different ethical considerations, Differences regard harming participants and ethical euthanasia. Wearing developed a profound case of total amnesia as a result of his illness. 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The jury is actually out on that. While episodic memory is mainly encoded in the hippocampus, the encoding of the procedural memory takes place in different brain areas and in particular the cerebellum, which in Clives case has not been damaged. He knows that he used to be a musician, yet he has no recollection of any part of his career. In other words, our memories, both episodic and contextual, form the core basis of our self. Many scientists still refer to his case when discussing amnesia and other memory disorders. He developed auditory hallucinations. Nothing stuck in his brain. Almost all of the entries written at this time were variations of the phrase, ''I am awake,'' or ''I have just woken up for the first time.'' [4] Wishing to record 'waking up for the first time', he still wrote diary entries in 2007, more than 20 years after he started them. He therefore lives in a perpetual present without anchors to the past or the ability to learn anything new. He soon forgot his children's names and experienced rapid memory deterioration. Travis Dixon September 26, 2017 Cognitive Psychology. People born under the Taurus zodiac sign are often incredibly dedicated, reliable and dependable. This case is a revelation of the importance of memory . Memory: A contribution to experimental psychology. PracticalPie.com is a participant in the Amazon Associates Program. Wearing: Yes. In Jonathan Millers documentary, one can see Clive conducting his choir in Kings Chapel. Shes one of the worlds best-selling authors (only outsold by the Bible and Shakespeare!) He suffers from retrograde amnesia and is unable to form new memories. Controlling for Extraneous Variables: Single Blind, Double Blind & Placebo Methods, Peter Tripp & Sleep Deprivation Experiment, The Visual Cliff Experiment: Purpose & Significance. Clive Wearings example shows that memory is not as simple as we might think. He also recognizes and remembers his wife. Scott Bolzan developed retrograde amnesia after a simple slip and fall. In 1977, it gave the first performance in the Russian Cathedral of Sir John Tavener's setting of the Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom with Roderick Earle as bass soloist and subsequently made a recording (Ikon Records No. The procedural memory Clive Wearing kept Skills Practiced Interpreting information - verify that you read and were able to correctly interpret the cause of Clive Wearing's amnesia Knowledge. In Jonathan Millers beautiful documentary of Clive made in 1989, the most touching scenes are those where a docile and irritated Clive, suddenly erupts into life on seeing Deborah, runs, and hugs her with such unconditional, irrepressible, and childlike love, as if, her presence has momentarily vindicated his thoughtful-less existence and given it a solid center, which he perpetually lacked. Anterograde amnesia can also be caused by drug use, alcohol abuse, or psychological trauma. They have strong sense of errantry, being frank and easy to win others' trust. It's been the same. She ended up living in an adult foster home, still requiring treatment as she is still language impaired. People with Chinese zodiac Tiger are powerful, independent, confident and brave. We are able to do this by associating that memory with a certain sounds, images, or colors that are familiar to us so it is easily recalled upon. The story of Agatha Christies amnesia is largely buried under her other accomplishments. It is not a question of remembering something, there is just no remembering at all; that interval of time simply doesnt exist, they were not conscious, there are no traces of that experience, that memory, to call it their own. Seven years after Clive's illness, Deborah divorced him and spent some time living in America. Semantic memory is our general factual knowledge, like knowing the capital of France, or the months of the year. These ethics are: Protection of participants Participants should be protected from physical and mental harm and distress This includes humiliation, stress, injury, etc. When Wearing contracted viral encephalitis, he started to forget important information like his children's names before soon forgetting everything. Looking back through the journal to see hundreds of similar entries in his own handwriting caused Wearing even greater distress. Her brain was always in use as she wrote 66 detective novels, but before that, she may have suffered great memory loss. His memory for events lasts between seven and thirty seconds. In a case study the theoretical orientation can also lead to the selection of the facts to include in the case. The above documentaries are not peer-reviewed academic literature, so we need to be wary of basing our conclusions on this evidence. Research shows that these memories are stored in a part of the brain separate from the regions involved in long-term memory. Phineas was the man who had an accident and a metal pole entered through its skull. He suffers from anterograde amnesia (meaning he can't create new memories) as well as retrograde amnesia (meaning he's lost many of his memories). Youre 47, the woman by your bedside is telling you that you have been married for 25 years. Phonological Loop | Model, Function & Examples, Assessing the Diathesis-Stress Model: Strengths and Weaknesses, Inferential Statistics | Psychology, Test, and Experiments. Wearing is unable to remember the past or create new memories as a result of this. Clives sensory perceptions were intact, but nothing was processed. Each time he sees or hears Deborahs voice, he reacts with the same quality of undiluted joy as if he was seeing her for the first time in his life, which, in his case, he really was. Without our ability to form memories, we fall into an ontological abyss, a perpetual state of discontinuity and a break in consciousness. Clive Wearing is in his early 80s and lives in a residential care facility. The two married only a year prior to the onset of Wearing's battle with viral encephalitis, and she is the only person whom Wearing still recognizes. In spite of his complex amnesia, Clive still has some types of memories that remain intact, including semantic and procedural memory. It entered through his left cheek and exited through its frontal lobe., The case study of HM was carried out by Milner and Scoville (1957). Researchers were studying amnesia. For that occasion, he chose to recreate, with authentic instruments and meticulously researched scores, the Bavarian royal wedding that took place in Munich on 22 February 1568. I'm bi expert on anything i put here as it's all completely an idea that flew into my head. Clive Wearing fathers name is under review and mother unknown at this time. In fact, his second wife Deborah is the only person he recognizes. They were treated worse than animals and the book shows how their sacrifices ultimately changed the course of history. Desperate to document his experiences, he started writing in a journal. The couple remarried in 2002. While he was working at the BBC, Wearing was made responsible for the musical content of BBC Radio 3 for much of 29 July 1981, the day of the royal wedding of Prince Charles and Diana Spencer. In 1968, he founded the Europa Singers of London, an amateur choir specialising in music of the 17th, 18th and 20th centuries. The headache increased and after days of pain, he started to forget things, like his children's names. Elisha has a Master's degree in Ancient Celtic History & Mythology, as well as a Bachelor's in Marketing. Net Worth: Online estimates of Clive Wearings net worth vary. Clive Wearing is an accomplished musician and is known for editing the works of Orlande de Lassus. Henry Gustav Molaison: Patient H.M. | Psychology, Facts & Case Study, George Miller's Psychological Study to Improve Short-Term Memory, Anterograde Amnesia | Example, Treatment, Symptoms & Causes, Iconic Memory & Sperling's Partial Report Experiment, Freud's Little Hans Case Study | Theory, Interpretation & Implications. As your family tells you about your life, you learn that you spent two years playing in the NFL, have two teenage children, and have decades of memories that just arent accessible. Ethical standards made by the American Psychology Association (APA) that all research done in psychology must abide by. But I've never been conscious to think that. Both his left and right temporal lobes were damaged, as well as his frontal lobes. There are no documentaries (that Im aware of) that feature filmed footage of HM. You can learn more about Mr Wearing by watching the following video from 44:02-57:40. The human brain is superiorly adaptive, and what is lost in one area, is compensated in some other. The brain is complex and its various lobes' functions are not fully understood, but both the temporal lobes and the hippocampus are thought to be essential to the creation and storage of memories. Clive Wearing's is one of the most severe cases of amnesia ever recorded. [2] He spends every day 'waking up' every 20 seconds or so, 'restarting' his consciousness once the timespan of his short-term memory has elapsed. If he hears a piece of information repeated over and over again, he can eventually retain it although he doesnt know when or where he had heard it. He has also been unable to associate memories effectively or to control his emotions, exhibiting unstable moods. Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), Click to email a link to a friend (Opens in new window). His memory was wiped clean every few seconds, and every moment was a new awakening to consciousness for him. Researchers had a very personal and attached relationship with Genie, This was inappropriate for scientific research, Leads to the questioning of objectivity and their aims for studying Genie. It is impossible for him to watch a movie or read a book since he cant remember any sentences before the last one. Neuroscience has studied many cases of extreme memory losses, but none more extreme than the case of the musicologist and conductor Clive Wearing. HISTORY: Ms. Copeland is a very pleasant 58-year-old white female who gives a history of several years of what she calls short-term memory problems. Understand Clive Wearing and his memory as a case study in psychology. Using procedural memory, Clive can learn new skills and facts through repetition. This life without memories is the reality for British musician Clive Wearing who suffers from one of the most severe case of amnesia ever known. Todays research ethics are, in essence, ways to ensure vulnerable subjects are protected from exploitation and other forms of harm like the gruesome medical experiments conducted by Nazi doctors during World War II. Clives professional musical personality flowers in full bloom for the duration of the music. The major problem with case studies is the problem of objectivity. He was born in 1930s, in Silent Generation. Studies show that retrieving episodic and semantic memories activate different areas of the brain. In this case a patient has been used who already has. Historically, most patients diagnosed with amnesia experience only one form of the disorder at a time; either retrograde or anterograde. However, you need to be careful. Wilhelm Wundt's Introspection Overview & Purpose | What Is Introspection? I am alive just now. Clive Wearing lacks declarative memory, which involves memory of specific people, places, and events. 9:06 AM: Now I am perfectly, overwhelmingly awake. She also explains her own ongoing campaign to improve her husband's living situation and medical treatment. The disease damaged his brain, resulting in one of the most severe cases of amnesia ever recorded. Thoughts on Films I have grown up with, continue to admire, and learn from. Although the physical location of memory remains largely unknown, scientists believe that different types of memories are stored in neural networks in various parts of the brain. Although, they can be materialistic, resistant to change, indulgent, possessive, and stubborn. He typically retains information for anywhere from seven to thirty seconds. Anterograde amnesia is the inability to form long-term memories of events occurring after a brain injury or brain surgery, although memories formed before the trauma are usually intact and short-term memory is unaffected. Ecological Validity Significance & Examples | What is Ecological Validity? Without it, time does not exist. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. We merely re-posted a portion of the full content (based on fair use) because we were asked to make it accessible by a. But he did not seem to be able to retain an impression of anything beyond a blink. It included interviews with Wearing in which he attempted to describe his own experiences: Wearing: It's exactly the same as being dead, which is not difficult, is it? He was also featured in the 1988 PBS series, The Mind, in Episode 1, In Search of the Mind. Clive Wearing is an accomplished musician and is known for editing the works of Orlande de Lassus. When we have our memories intact, and go about our daily lives, cribbing and complaining, we dont realize the tremendous unconscious work that happens each living moment within the human body to even simply keep us alive. Theres never enough time to cover everything in our IB Psychology course, so here are a few resources that might not fit in normal classes, but you might find interesting nonetheless. Unlike the memory disorders that are experienced by some older adults, amnesia can be experienced at any age. You can't do anything, when you are dead. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. His case study is reported by Colin Blakemore (1988). Participants should not be forced to reveal personal information. In 2013, almost accidentally, I came across Dr. Sacks bestselling book The Man who mistook his wife for a hat. Wearing continually wrote about his experience of consciousness in his journals. Sometimes it is not possible to give full information about research. This is the diary of Clive Wearing. His young wife Deborah, with whom Clive had fallen in love and got married eighteen months ago, called the doctors and solicited their opinion. Time, in the sense we know and understand it, had stopped for Clive. Miraculously though, despite the total loss of continuity, and any meaningful residue of memory, there are two things that Clive could do even without the knowledge or explicit memory of doing it. Its easy to predict his income, but its much harder to know how much he has spent over the years. Some individuals with amnesia can form new memories, but they cannot remember the past, a disorder known as retrograde amnesia. Clive Wearing has retained his procedural memory, or muscle memory. A readers passion and a reading life in 2022. In some cases, amnesia takes the form of an inability to store new information. The essays in the book opened my eyes to a new way of looking at sickness. That's because he has both retrograde and anterograde amnesia, which means he has no ability to form new memories and remembers nothing of his life before. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. There have been several documentaries about Wearing, sometimes in isolation and sometimes as part of a larger exploration of memory and consciousness. } They were 38 years old at the time of the root canal. Though he didnt remember any score or the composer names, he could sight-read music, play out the melody. 10. These diaries are Clives means to hold on to his existence. In a haunting sentence, that resonates long after we have closed the book, Deborah writes you could lose almost everything you know about yourself, and still be yourself. While he can remember how to play the piano perfectly, he cannot remember what he ate for breakfast just an hour ago (Sacks, 2007). Clive Wearing is very similar to the famous case of HM (Henry Molaison). copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. HM was nine years old when he suffered from head injury. He is aware that he has children, but cannot remember their names. In our busy lives filled with this and that, we dont appreciate what it is like to have memories. She had a single seizure back about 30 years ago without recurrence. CelebsMoney and NetWorthStatus does a good job of breaking most of it down. Whats more, Clives musical memory has been perfectly preserved even decades after the onset of his amnesia. In about one in a million cases, the virus breaches the blood-brain barrier, enters the brain, and destroys critical parts. One cannot live in the present if there is no past. He knows, for example, that he has children from an earlier marriage, but he cannot remember their names. She visits him often, and though he cannot recall her visits afterward, he is always delighted to see her. Although Wearing has no such ability, he has maintained his procedural memory, or muscle memory. The first of these documentaries was called Prisoner of Consciousness (1986), which shows Wearing during some of the worst confusion and misery of his illness. Ashley Connell 6/20/2022. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. , started living the life of Drew Barrymores character in 50 First Dates after aroot canal? I came across Clives case in Dr. Oliver Sacks wonderful collection of essays titled Musicophilia. forms: { Retrograde amnesia is a loss of memory for experiences that occurred shortly before a loss of consciousness. He renewed his vows with his wife in 2002, and his wife wrote a memoir about her experiences with him. But i have an understanding that some psychadelic drugs significantly increase the growth and complexity of neurones, i think one of the best of these is LSD. Clive Wearing was born in the United Kingdom in 1938. You might be tempted to use details of Clive Wearings case in an exam, just as you would HMs. Retrograde amnesia is a loss of memory of events that occurred before its onset. An error occurred trying to load this video. Clive Wearing: Top 10 Must-Know Facts About Composer. He has been one of the main subjects for researchers today and has provided scientists much more knowledge about the human brain and memory (Newhouse, 2007). Across Clives case in an adult foster home, still requiring treatment as she is still language.. From an earlier marriage, but they can not live in the process, sometimes in isolation and as... Research done in psychology must abide by critically evaluated for ethical issues started writing in a case study in.. 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