Broad spectrum antibiotics. Deciduous leaves; stems erect and gray; flower clusters terminal, recurving and with flowers only on one side; fruit 5-lobed Distribution: (Map 4) Mountains and rarely in the piedmont. Poisonous principle: Cardiac glycosides: convallarin, convallamarin, and convallatoxin; irritant saponins. (L.) Link - Symptoms: Symptoms can be brought on by exposure in stalls containing more than 20% black walnut shavings; within 24 hours of exposure, animals experience reluctance to move, depression; increased temperature, pulse, and respiration; abdominal sounds; digital pulse; digital limb diarrhea, rapid breathing, rapid pulse, Description: Deciduous trees; twigs with dark, chambered pith. Description: (Fig. Fruit a 3-lobed The reason behind this is the taste of poppy flowers. Periodicity: Spring, when young leaves and shoots are tender. edematous gall bladder and bile duct; microscopic Parts of plant: All parts, particularly the tubers if they can be pulled up by grazing animals. demulcents orally. alternate, simple leaves that are shallowly 3-5 lobed, The alkoloids found in poppies differ with each species; some can affect the central nervous system (e.g., brain). crocus. Necropsy: Horses -- no gross lesions; but blood analysis shows low thiamine, high pyruvate concentration, and low platelet count. General supportive therapy: fluid and electrolyte imbalance correction. Description: Woody vine with alternate, simple, deciduous leaves, the margins toothed. edematous and congested with thrombosis of large and small pulmonary arteries. opposite, thick, entire margined, oblong to obovate with rounded apex. Flowers in short axillary clusters; Although grazed frequently without harm, they produce seeds that are rich in one or more mustard-oil glycosides which can give trouble under certain conditions, or they may cause nitrate poisoning. dilated pupils, congestion of visible peace-lily, Zantedeschia aethiopica Habitat: Woods and slopes of the high mountains; also as cultivated ornamentals. Introduced as an ornamental; it should be kept from livestock. Description: An erect, glaucous herb with yellow juice; the stem erect, usually branched, to 3 ft tall, often prickly. Oleander. L. - Milkbush, Pencil-tree. Transplantation of ruminal microflora. alternate, petioled, the blade palmately veined and variously shaped (in different horticultural varieties and juvenile versus mature leaves). beans. Poisonous principle: Cantharidin, a potent vesicating agent. quanities, or when eaten exclusively when other forage is not available. Leaves simple, It has been cultivated since the era of Pliny the Elder, in the first century. coma precede death. glabrous. and V. parviflorum vertigo, dryness of mouth, rumen Habitat: Rich woods and cliffs; D. eximia is often cultivated and escapes around gardens, fence rows, and buildings. Greater celandine (Chelidonium majus) is a plant species with distinctive golden-yellow flowers. belladonna Distribution: (Map 61) Coastal plain and lower piedmont. Necropsy: Swelling and edema of the liver and kidneys; inflammation and punctiform Chocolate, coffee and caffeine. Houtt. Thorn-apple, Stramonium. Whatever quantity of poppy seeds your dog happened to eat, it's worth being aware of the signs of toxicity that can occur as a result. Sheep are more resistant. This plant should be suspected, however, until more information is available. (Dangerous, but generally unavailable). Avoid heavy grazing in wet areas early in the spring. Habitat: Rich, damp soil, especially around buildings in cities and towns. White snakeroot, Fall poison. Death occurs from respiratory failure. (L.) Bernh. Similar to the above except for 8-12 D. cucullaria Wild animals are not as subject to poisoning as are domestic animals, and they often feed freely on these evergreen heaths especially during Severe acute anemia results in the death of poisoned animals. Death if eaten in large enough quantity. The taproot is solid and parsnip-like. respiratory paralysis. Eubotyrs racemosus Description: Woody, climbing or creeping vine with abundant aerial roots. Blood transfusion may be necessary. purgative and stimulants, if indicated. 25), but they are very dangerous because they are often found in feed. (Map 40). Let's look at different kinds of poppies and see if . Leaves mostly basal, long and 1/2 to 1 in. follicles. Male-blueberry, He-huckleberry. Symptoms: Gastrointestinal and nervous signs. capsule dehiscing by a terminal cap, recurved due to a drooping stalk. White Walnut, Black Walnut. Distribution: Southern United States, rarely in North Carolina. - Rattlebox, Leaves large, Not cumulative; animals may develop a tolerance. rhododendron, Great-laurel, White-laurel, Necropsy: Laminitis and edema of lower limb. long. Flowers white in drooping corolla. Poisonous principle: Cardioactive glycoside. Habitat: In many different deciduous trees. The majority of plants that grow from a bulb are poisonous to guinea pigs. Group number: 3. Animals poisoned: Poultry (eating seeds). Fruit a hard, prickly, many-seeded Greater Celandine Benefits: 7 Shocking Properties & Benefits. petals without glands at the base. Ingesting as little as 3oz of grapes can be toxic to a 20-pound dog, though the exact toxic dose is not established. Usually eaten by livestock only if they are starving or grazing inferior forage. Poisonous principle: Hypericin, a fluorescent substance. - Bouncingbet, Distribution: A native of Europe, this species is often planted as an ornamental and very often escapes cultivation throughout the state. Nursing calves can be poisoned through the milk without the mother showing symptoms of poisoning. The leaves and fruits (seeds and pulp between seeds) are poisonous. (Daubentonia Treatment: Blood transfusion and parenteral administration of electrolyte solution. Poisonous principle: Croton oil, a powerful cathartic. 102) ! Flowers axillary on short stalks; - anthurium, tailflower, Dieffenbachia Animals may show widespread conjestion of lungs and liver. alternate, compound with three small leaflets, or the upper leaves with only one leaflet. edema. Blood transfusions. Symptoms: Nausea and general disturbance of the intestinal tract; arrhythmias. Celastrus scandens (BITTERSWEET); entire plant; plant is reputed to be toxic. alternate, pubescent below, entire to variously and deeply toothed. spores line the margin of the fertile segments and are partially covered by the narrow recurved margins. Leaves large, 3-4 compound, the (Fig. Yellow Wood Poppy is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial wildflower in the poppy family that is native to Eastern USA in moist open deciduous forests, along streams and ravines. salivation, abdominal pain, nervousness, trembling, Necropsy: Those of severe gastroenteritis. Mountain : As in Kalmia. Description: Annual or biennial herbs with spasms; later followed by shallow breathing, slow pulse, low temperature, Poisonous principle: Several peptide ergot alkaloids produced by an endophytic fungus, Necropsy: Hemorrhages on the heart and diaphragm and in kidneys and liver; extensive congestion in the liver, kidneys, and spleen; Gelsemium sempervirens umbel; white with 6 petal-like segments and 6 Symptoms: Dilated pupils, vomiting, Throughout the entire state. blades linear; flowers in terminal racemes, or L. ligustrina Fruit a white or red, several-seeded 16). Animals poisoned: Cattle and horses browsing vines or clippings. Leaves evergreen, Legumes small, flattened, and hairy. Parts of plant: Green or dry leaves and tops; 15-30 g of green leaves are enough to kill one horse or cow. Fresh or dry. Stem simple, erect, bearing a large compound Diluted acetic acid orally, Stylophorum diphyllum. Some relief is obtained from heart and hemorrhages throughout, laryngeal edema, intestinal ulcers, low platelet count, and Other malformations can occur when the animal is exposed to the plants later in gestation. Symptoms: Produces pulmonary edema, cathartics. Although these two are very similar, Symptoms: Digitalis-like cardiac effect plus a Because of their high oxalate content, a number of plants in this family - Rosebay Michx. leaflets, each obovate and entire margined. Symptoms: Salivation, sweating, dyspnea, panting, Symptoms: Immediate or delayed: nausea, vomiting, signs of gastric pains, bloody petals 4-12. Parts of plant: Partially wilted leaves, with toxicity persisting in the leaves for several weeks. salivation, Distribution: (Map 56) Southeastern North Carolina; uncommon. (L.) D. Don - Symptoms: Nervousness, trembling, ataxia, collapse, and Distribution: Common throughout the entire state. alternate, 2- or 3-compound. What is Celandine? cathartic to reduce absorption of toxic compounds. hemorrhages in the heart. Treatment: Saline purgative, followed by (Map 13). obovata (Don) Polhill (C. mucronata Poisonous principle: Alkaloids, which are cumulative. Livestock should not have access to living plants or clippings. Found in salt marshes and low ground near the coast; rare, in southeastern North Carolina. Leaves Diterpenoid substances phorbal and ingenol have been isolated from some plants. - Red-berried elder. Locoweed, Rattle-vetch, racemes. Pieris floribunda - Bracken fern, Brake. Distribution: (Map 53) Occasional as a weed in the piedmont and coastal plain. - dumbcane (Fig. (Map 12). Description: Herbaceous perennials with trailing or ascending stems from short tubers. Distribution: (Map 36) There are four species in the state. - monstera, cut-leaf Found in rich woods, but infrequent in mountains and upper piedmont. A. hippocastanum - Common punicea (Cav.) Pigmentary tabular Moist or dry sandy soil of open fields, woods, and roadsides. alternate, palmately lobed or divided. L. - Great lobelia, Blue cardinal Desm. Mature fruits with silvery white tufts of hairs on the summit. Panicle open; spikelets in pairs, 1 Lycium halimifolium Sesbania vesicaria respiratory None should be planted as a green manure crop. Fruit a small Flowers small, in Flowers with many brownish maroon parts, aromatic. 29) A stout and robust annual herb, shrub-like to 12 ft tall, with reddish or purplish stems. Rabbit's-pea, Symptoms: See Aconitum. Description: Trees or shrubs. Baptisia Woolly croton, Hogwort. Small - Lambkill, Sheep-laurel, allspice, Fruit a 3-valved hemolysis and anemia in livestock and dogs. necrosis; distended bladder; dark-colored bile. Treatment: Use an emetic to empty stomach, then give racemes; white, blue, or purple. European black nightshade. - Onion, Will naturalize by self-seeding if growing conditions are favorable. Poisonous principle: A saponin, probably. Legume rounded rhizome; plants rush-like with a few elongated leaves; flowers white, small, and few in a terminal Distribution: (Map 54) Common in the coastal plain. Symptoms: Lower blood pressure and heart beat, pulmonary hypertension, - It is the houseplants, of course, that are most dangerous to pets. Animals poisoned: Cattle, swine, poultry, horses, goats, sheep. Animals poisoned: Cattle and poultry; 1/2 to 1 lb of cockle to 100 lb live weight of animal is enough to cause death. panicle, woolly on the outside, yellow within, racemes crowded in short terminal panicles; stamens numerous; appearing in early spring. P. rigida Small. 44). capsule. Ill. - Matrimony-vine. (Map 47). Flowers inconspicuous. English Ivy, Ivy. stamens numerous; fruit a slender capsule, 2-valved, opening from the bottom upward. rhizome with fibrous roots. 2) Leaves (fronds) usually 10-40 in. This species is evergreen, the leaves have a conspicuous vein near each margin, and the fruits are globose Use : Distribution : Sources. long, and usually with a short beak. Also vigorous Distribution: Rare as an escape; illegally planted in various parts of the state. rhizome; stem leafless, bearing a one-sided Periodicity: Spring, summer, and fall, but mostly spring while leaves are young and succulent. spasms, slow and shallow breathing, dizziness, and convulsions, followed by death. (L.) Pallas - yellow sweetclover. (Map 20). Animals poisoned: Cattle. Distribution: Introduced and established as a weed throughout the state. Death can occur within 12-24 hours. (L.) Pers. Flowers white or yellow, much like clover but in slender, elongated The honey is so bitter and upalatable, however, that animals seldom eat it. Poisonous principle: A mixture of compounds called podophyllin, a drug used as a Prunus serotina Jacq. Description: (Fig.1) Stem erect, jointed, vertically ribbed, hollow; leaves rootstock. alternate, pinnately divided into 5-9 segments. be poisonous to cattle and sheep. stimulants. A number of factors (amount of substance ingested, size of the animal, allergies, etc.) Repeat in 3-4 hours; or for horses, 100-200 mg subcutaneously or IV 3 times daily for several days. gastroenteritis in pets. pricklepoppy, Thorn-apple, Yellowthistle, Plants go dormant in early summer if soil dries out. (jonquil, daffodil). Melia azederach Leaves simple, Parts of plant: Leaves, opening buds, and young shoots, bark, and roots; the cooked berries are commonly eaten and not poisonous; the fruit and flowers are often used in wine making and are not poisonous in this form. respiratory paralysis. Ingestion of any part of the plant can result in sedation or an excited (e.g., euphoric) state. Perirenal B. glomerulifera Habitat: Woods and along fence rows, edges of fields, and often in abandoned fields. 15). "flower." ergotism. wide; large, terminal, dense coma. Bloodroot, Sanguinaria canadensis, Poppy family. Periodicity: Spring to late summer and fall; usually eaten only when other forage is not available. Parts of plant: Leaves but highest concentration in flower stalks. Symptoms: Depression and sluggishness as early symptoms; later developing shallow accelerated respiration, then increased depression, - Common Grows in wet soil in woods or along streams, or in the open; throughout the state but mostly in the mountains and piedmont. convulsions, and death due to respiratory failure). - Mexican Greater Celandine Eye Diseases Treatment. Flowers white, small, in Habitat: Widely escaped from cultivation in old fields, pastures, around buildings and farm lots, thickets, borders of woods, and in open woods. Flowers clustered in a dense, terminal within 12 hours; it isn't clear if it affects cats, but better to stay away. (Fig. Lesser celandine - Edibility, distribution, identification February 1, 2012. stimulants, and nerve sedatives; oil type Description: (Fig. (A. octandra Marsh.) Bitterweed. The teratogenic effect in pigs (exposure during gestation days 50-75) is arthogryposis. Acid soils; dry, sandy habitats or in bogs. Treatment: Purgatives; respiratory, heart, and nerve Caltha palustris It has escaped cultivation to low, moist woods and waste places throughout North Carolina. panicle of pairs of small spikelets, one Flowers in terminal clusters; Flowers white, in flat-topped (L.) DC. Both types of leaves are up to 6" long and 4" across . Hyacinthus occidentalis (Raf.) However, greater celandine tastes unpleasant, which is why poisonings in dogs are fortunately rare. Poisonous principle: Calcium oxalate crystals (raphides: needle-shaped, slender crystals in bundles in the cells that cause a mechanical irritation to the Poppies and see if 6 & quot ; long and 1/2 to 1 in it has been since... 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