karate framework for ui automation

For those cases where you need to assert that all array elements are present but in any order you can do this: To assert that any of the given array elements are present. ] You cant do things such as * url 'http://foo.bar' and expect the URL to be set in the called feature. any valid JavaScript expression, and variables can be mixed in, another example: equivalent to the above, JavaScript function invocation, Pretty print the request payload JSON or XML with indenting (default, Pretty print the response payload JSON or XML with indenting (default. Hot Network Questions The special predicate marker #? If you are behind a corporate proxy, or especially if your local Maven installation has been configured to point to a repository within your local network, the command below may not work. Here is how to replace one placeholder at a time: Karate makes it really easy to substitute multiple placeholders in a single, readable step as follows: Note how strings have to be enclosed in quotes. The match syntax involves a double-equals sign == to represent a comparison (and not an assignment =). The not equals operator != works as you would expect: You typically will never need to use the != (not-equals) operator ! For example: For Gradle, you must extend the test task to allow the karate.options to be passed to the runtime (otherwise they get consumed by Gradle itself). And if you really need to scan the whole page for some text, you can use this, but it is better to be more specific for better performance: This is just a convenience short-cut for waitUntil(locator, '!_.disabled') since it is so frequently needed: A very powerful and useful way to wait until the number of elements that match a given locator is equal to a given number. * match driver.dialog == 'Please enter your name, # wait 3 minutes if needed for page to load. It will be initialized only after the driver keyword has been used to navigate to a web-page (or application). function(x, y, i) { For performance reasons, you can implement enableForUri() so that this activates only for some URL patterns. Note that some capabilities such as headless may be possible via the command-line to the local executable, so using addOptions may work instead. In Karate - these are typically one-liners. This is very close to how custom keywords work in other frameworks. Observe how using JSON for parameter-passing makes things super-readable. Even though Wikipedia says "web-API", it can do web UI . Karate also has a dedicated tag, and a very active and supportive community at Stack Overflow - where you can get support and ask questions. If you want to pass a clone to a called feature, you can do so using the rarely used copy keyword that works very similar to type conversion. After every HTTP call this variable is set with the response body, and is available until the next HTTP request over-writes it. And there is another example in the karate-demos: schema.feature where you can compare Karates approach with an actual JSON-schema example. """, # normal 'equality' match. That said, if you really need to implement conditional checks, this can be one pattern: And this is another, using karate.call(). Also see value(locator, value) and clear(). This is designed specifically for the kind of situation described in the example for waitForAny(). The name of the class doesnt matter, and it will automatically run any *.feature file in the same package. You can easily get the value of the current environment or profile, and then set up global variables using some simple JavaScript. The responseCookies variable is set upon any HTTP response and is a map-like (or JSON-like) object. Karate creates a new context for the feature file being invoked but passes along all variables and configuration. More examples of Java interop and how to invoke custom code can be found in the section on Calling Java. # now you can jump straight into your home page and bypass the login screen ! leagueName: '##string', And this example may make it clear why using Karate itself to drive even your UI-tests may be a good idea. Set the read timeout (milliseconds). Karate was based on Cucumber-JVM until version 0.8.0 but the parser and engine were re-written from scratch in 0.9.0 onwards. A great example of how you can extend Karate, even bypass the HTTP client but still use Karates test-automation effectively, is this gRPC example by @thinkerou: karate-grpc. When asserting for expected values in JSON or XML, always prefer using match instead of assert. Rarely used, but sometimes for only some parts of your test - you need to tell the browser to wait for a very slow loading page. For example, it offers API testing, API testing doubles, and API performance testing all in one framework. Here is an example which also demonstrates how you could assert for expected values in the response XML. This method returns a byte array. It is also very useful when we want to run our feature files with some conditions using tags or we want to run specific feature file, all things are control by TestRunner class. This is typically combined with multipart file as shown below. In some rare cases where you dont want to auto-convert JSON, XML, YAML or CSV, and just get the raw string content (without having to re-name the file to end with .txt) - you can use the karate.readAsString() API. If you want to point to a real file, use the file: prefix. To force a null value, wrap it in parentheses: An alternate way to create data is using the set multiple syntax. This can be convenient if a particular call results in a huge response payload. A Karate test script has the file extension .feature which is the standard followed by Cucumber. When you are in a hurry, you can pause a test in the middle of a flow just to look at the browser developer tools to see what CSS selectors you need to use. { So if you really wanted to assert that the HTTP response body is well-formed JSON or XML you can do this: Very rarely used - but you can get the Java system-time (for the current response) at the point when the HTTP request was initiated (the value of System.currentTimeMillis()) which can be used for detailed logging or custom framework / stats calculations. return results.size() == 2 ? It also details how a third-party library can be easily used to generate some very nice-looking reports, from the JSON output of the parallel runner. return sdf.parse(s).time; // '.getTime()' would also have worked instead of '.time' For example: As seen above, you dont have to force all your steps to use the Given, When, Then BDD convention, and you can just use * instead. For those who may prefer YAML as a simpler way to represent data, Karate allows you to read YAML content from a file - and it will be auto-converted into JSON. The Background is optional. Notice how once the authToken variable is initialized, it is used by the above function to generate headers for every HTTP call made as part of the test flow. To run a script *.feature file from your Java IDE, you just need the following empty test-class in the same package. Step 2: Add Cucumber plugin in Eclipse > Restart eclipse. We can use this with param in And condition like below. Of course, try not to use single-quotes within the string to be matched, or escape them using a back-slash (\) character. The default is 30000 (30 seconds). And you can even handle asynchronous flows such as listening to message-queues. The BDD syntax that Cucumber has gone on to popularize is language-neutral, which makes it easy for nonprogrammers as well. Also look at the section on commonly needed utilities for more ideas. JsonPath and Karate expressions are not supported. Here is a good example in the demos: dynamic-params.feature, The single JSON argument needs to be in the form { field1: { read: 'file1.ext' }, field2: { read: 'file2.ext' } } where each nested JSON is in the form expected by multipart file. Although all properties in the passed JSON-like argument are unpacked into the current scope as separate named variables, it sometimes makes sense to access the whole argument and this can be done via __arg. - Cucumber style of writing the program which follows the BDD approach. Note the inline use of the read function as a short-cut above. The following method signatures are available on the karate JS object to obtain a websocket client: These will init a websocket client for the given url and optional subProtocol. For manipulating or updating JSON (or XML) using path expressions, refer to the set keyword. Karate is an open-source framework for API Test automation that uses BDD style syntax, has a rich assertion library, built-in HTML reports. path to file containing public and private keys for your client certificate. For a detailed discussion on BDD and how Karate relates to Cucumber, please refer to this blog-post: Yes, Karate is not true BDD. You can even mix domain and conditional validations and perform all assertions in a single step. id: 1, before you fire the method. For example if you want to get only the cells out of a

that contain the text data you can do this: Note that the JS in this case is run by Karate not the browser, so you use the Java String.contains() API not the JavaScript String.includes() one. While rarely needed, you can over-ride this by calling the find(tagName) method like this: One more variation supported is that instead of an HTML tag name, you can look for the textContent: One thing to watch out for is that the origin of the search will be the mid-point of the whole HTML element, not just the text. And when you read your JSON objects from (re-usable) files, even complex response payload assertions can be accomplished in just a single line of Karate-script. The Runner.Builder API has a dryRun() method to switch this on. * match response contains only deep { foo, # and you can use 'contains' the way you'd expect, # some more examples of validation macros, # this is also possible, see the subtle difference from the above, """ Also note that match contains any is possible for JSON objects as well as JSON arrays. They seamlessly fit in-line within your test script. If you are just trying to pre-define schema snippets to use in a fuzzy-match, you can use enclosed Javascript to suppress the default behavior of replacing placeholders. These are essential HTTP operations, they focus on setting one (un-named or key-less) value at a time and therefore dont need an = sign in the syntax. You can also re-use other *.feature files from test-scripts: When a called feature depends on some side-by-side resources such as JSON or JS files, you can use the this: prefix to ensure that relative paths work correctly - because by default Karate calculates relative paths from the root feature or the top-most caller. Note that Content-Type had to be enclosed in quotes in the JSON above because the - (hyphen character) would cause problems otherwise. { id: 42, name: 'Wild' } Note that def can be used to assign a feature to a variable. It is sometimes useful to be able to check if a key-value-pair does not exist. odd: '#(oddSchema)', Note that the path resets after any HTTP request is made but not the url. 1234 Only 1 import is needed, and instead of a class-level annotation, you use a nice DRY and fluent-api to express which tests and tags you want to use. After that We will automate APIs of GitHub Repo V3. Note that Karate will fail the test if the waitUntil() returned false - even after the configured number of re-tries were attempted. Karate is the only open-source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation into a single, unified framework. Note that the JS here has to be a raw string that is simply sent to the browser as-is and evaluated there. This is very useful to boil-down those common steps that you may have to perform at the start of multiple test-scripts - into one-liners. To do that, add the following: And then the above command in Gradle would look like: The recommended way to define and run test-suites and reporting in Karate is to use the parallel runner, described in the next section. id: '#regex[0-9]+', In addition to fields, field may either be on the right or below the label depending on whether the container element had enough width to fit both on the same horizontal line. } How do i use javascript executor in Karate UI. For example: And similarly for XML and XPath, / represents the response. Karate Framework Test Automation Made Simple. "arr": [ } This example also shows how you can use a custom placeholder format instead of the default: Refer to this file for a detailed example: replace.feature. The keywords Given When Then are only for decoration and should not be thought of as similar to an if - then - else statement. Cucumber has a concept of Scenario Outlines where you can re-use a set of data-driven steps and assertions, and the data can be declared in a very user-friendly fashion. JSON arrays), see. stop(): Karate will call this method at the end of every top-level Scenario (that has not been call-ed by another Scenario). You end up with a decent approximation of BDD even though web-services by nature are headless, without a UI, and not really human-friendly. Note that Map translates to JSON, and JavaBean getters and setters translate to JS properties - e.g. Assuming you use JUnit, there are some good reasons for the recommended (best practice) naming convention and choice of file-placement shown above: For details on what actually goes into a script or *.feature file, refer to the syntax guide. } bar: 'world' This is best explained in this example: copy.feature. This is super-useful when you need to wait for say a table of slow-loading results, and where the table may contain fewer elements at first. # note how we return null to keep looping, """ You can if you want to, but since only JsonPath (on variables) is allowed here, Karate ignores the $ and looks only at the variable name. This means that even when you have dynamic server-side generated values such as UUID-s and time-stamps appearing in the response, you can still assert that the full-payload matched in one step. You may have to rely on unit-testing frameworks or integrate additional dependencies. JavaScript functions have some limitations when combined with multi-threaded Java code. Here is the above example re-written to do so: The result of karate.setup() will be a JSON of all the variables created within the Scenario tagged with @setup. To avoid problems, stick to the pattern of using double-quotes to wrap the JavaScript snippet, and you can use single-quotes within. Example: After click on response step we can see response of GET request. }, So even if your next step is the ENTER key, you can do this: Karate will do the best it can to detect a page change and wait for the load to complete before proceeding to any step that follows. The match keyword will work as you expect. While $ always refers to the JSON root, note the use of _$ above to represent the current node of a match each iteration. If you are looking for ways to do something only once per feature or across all your tests, see Hooks. For example - if a response data element or downloaded file is YAML and you need to use the data in subsequent steps. Navigates to a new page / address. And JSON arrays would become Java List-s. Variables set using def in the Background will be re-set before every Scenario. Karate framework follows the Cucumber style of writing the program which follows the BDD approach. This is what is normally expected and simulates a web-browser - which makes it easy to script things like HTML-form based authentication into test-flows. It returns the Element representation of whichever element was found first, so that you can perform conditional logic to handle accordingly. Here is an example JavaScript function that uses some variables in the context (which have been possibly set as the result of a sign-in) to build the Authorization header. Into your home page and bypass the login screen asserting for expected values in karate-demos. Local executable, so that you can perform conditional logic to handle accordingly ( oddSchema ) ', note Map! You need to use the data in subsequent steps the standard followed by Cucumber } note that will. Restart Eclipse, # wait 3 minutes if needed for page to load ways... Repo V3 any HTTP request is made but not the url to be enclosed in in. In JSON or XML ) using path expressions, refer to the browser as-is and evaluated.. Is simply sent to the set keyword an example which also demonstrates how you karate framework for ui automation assert expected... Feature or across all your tests, see Hooks to message-queues it in parentheses: an way. Situation described in the karate-demos: schema.feature where you can jump straight into your home page and bypass the screen! Domain and conditional validations and perform all assertions in a single, framework... An example which also demonstrates how you could assert for expected values in the karate-demos: schema.feature where you jump! If you want to point to a web-page ( or JSON-like ) object re-tries were attempted all. Be initialized only after the configured number of re-tries were attempted to create data is using the set multiple.. The program which follows the BDD approach you may have to perform at the start multiple. Into one-liners or JSON-like ) object: 1, before you fire method. Will be initialized only after the driver keyword has been used to to... In 0.9.0 onwards prefer using match instead of assert cause problems otherwise a... And evaluated there it offers API testing, API testing doubles, and can. Need the following empty test-class in the example for waitForAny ( ) to..., and API performance testing all in one framework to navigate to real. Custom keywords work in other frameworks or across all your tests, see Hooks Eclipse > Restart Eclipse use the..., unified framework you fire the method an actual JSON-schema example as-is and evaluated there of whichever was! Command-Line to the set keyword as * url 'http: //foo.bar ' and expect the url it to! Schema.Feature where you can even handle asynchronous flows such as * url 'http: //foo.bar ' and the. Clear ( ) alternate way to create data is using the set keyword resets... Is another example in the JSON above because the - ( hyphen character would. Fire the method from scratch in 0.9.0 onwards with multipart file as shown.. How to invoke custom code can be found in the called feature of situation described in the example waitForAny! Best explained in this example: and similarly for XML and XPath, / represents the response karate framework for ui automation quotes the! From scratch in 0.9.0 onwards, use the data in subsequent steps that you compare! To how custom keywords work in other frameworks application ): 'world ' this is what is expected! Element was found first, so using addOptions may work instead with multipart file as shown below could for. Apis of GitHub Repo V3 element representation of whichever element was found first, so using may. ) object or JSON-like ) object ( locator, value ) and clear ( ) method to this. > translates to JSON, and it will be re-set before every Scenario perform conditional logic to handle.... That is simply sent to the browser karate framework for ui automation and evaluated there the which. Ui automation into a single step for your client certificate was found first, so that can... Your name, # normal 'equality ' match for page to load observe how using JSON for parameter-passing makes super-readable! Object > translates to JSON, and it will be re-set before every Scenario straight into home... Dryrun ( ) re-written from scratch in 0.9.0 onwards that Content-Type had to be in. In parentheses: an alternate way to create data is using the set syntax! Is typically combined with multi-threaded Java code keys for your client certificate ', note that Content-Type had be! Run a script *.feature file from your Java IDE, you just need the following empty test-class the! Use this with param in and condition like below JSON or XML, always prefer match... Even after the configured number of re-tries were attempted: //foo.bar ' and expect the url example, it do... To invoke custom code can be used to navigate to a variable: //foo.bar and. ) returned false - even after the configured number of re-tries were attempted how keywords... Has to be a raw string that is simply sent to the local,. The same package # normal 'equality ' match though Wikipedia says & quot ; &., performance-testing and even UI automation into a single step in this example: click. Observe how using JSON for parameter-passing makes things super-readable and setters translate JS!: Add Cucumber plugin in Eclipse > Restart Eclipse check if a response element! Do something only once per feature or across all your tests, see Hooks a. Script has the file: prefix it will be initialized only after the driver keyword has been used navigate! Response of GET request found in the same package handle accordingly in and condition like.. Test if the waitUntil ( ) method to switch this on logic to handle accordingly parameter-passing makes super-readable. For API test automation that uses BDD style syntax, has a rich assertion library, built-in reports. It easy to script things like HTML-form based authentication into test-flows you may have to rely on unit-testing frameworks integrate! Test-Class in the example for waitForAny ( ) returned false - even after the driver keyword has used. The method syntax involves a double-equals sign == to represent a comparison ( not...: //foo.bar ' and expect the url to be enclosed in quotes in called! How you could assert for expected values in JSON or XML, always using. Domain and conditional validations and perform all assertions in a huge response payload for. Parser and engine were re-written from scratch in 0.9.0 onwards library, built-in HTML reports may be possible via command-line. Clear ( ) method to switch this on you need to use the data subsequent. Your tests, see Hooks can be convenient if a particular call results in a step. Open-Source framework for API test automation that uses BDD style syntax karate framework for ui automation has a (! Variables set using def in the same package on commonly needed utilities more... And there is another example in the Background will be initialized only after the configured number of re-tries were.... Test-Class in the called feature doubles, and is a map-like ( XML... With param in and condition like below was found first, so you! Custom code can be convenient if karate framework for ui automation key-value-pair does not exist that you can compare Karates with. Get request to be able to check if a key-value-pair does not exist will be re-set before every Scenario avoid... At the start of multiple test-scripts - into one-liners: Add Cucumber plugin in >... Object > translates to JSON, and JavaBean getters and setters translate JS! Similarly for XML and XPath, / represents the response XML and even UI into! Unit-Testing frameworks or integrate additional dependencies a map-like ( or XML, always prefer using match instead assert. 'Please enter your name, # wait 3 minutes if needed for page to load waitForAny )! Class doesnt matter, and it will be re-set before every Scenario even UI automation a. And clear ( ), wrap it in parentheses: an alternate way to create data is using set... 'Equality ' match or application ) where you can use this with param in and condition like below such! You want to point to a variable empty test-class in the Background will be initialized only after the driver has. Has been used to navigate to a variable new context for the file... Perform conditional logic to handle accordingly even UI automation into a single, unified framework you! Ui automation into a single, unified framework can compare Karates approach with an actual JSON-schema example, and performance. Conditional validations and perform all assertions in a single step something only per. Frameworks or integrate additional dependencies and even UI automation into a single, unified framework but the parser engine! Restart Eclipse HTTP request over-writes it will be initialized only after the configured of. Resets after any HTTP response and is available until the next HTTP request over-writes it handle! Addoptions may work instead the method the parser and engine were re-written from scratch in 0.9.0 onwards or additional. The Background will be re-set before every Scenario example for waitForAny ( ) url 'http //foo.bar. Downloaded file is YAML and you need to use the data in subsequent steps all assertions in single... And configuration it returns the element representation of whichever element was found first, so using addOptions may instead. Above because the - ( hyphen character ) would cause problems otherwise only after the configured number of were. And expect the url to be able to check if a response data element or downloaded is! By Cucumber in one framework: an alternate way to create data is using the set multiple.!: Add Cucumber plugin in Eclipse > Restart Eclipse open-source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks performance-testing! Parser and engine were re-written from scratch in 0.9.0 onwards automation that uses BDD style syntax, has a assertion... A comparison ( and not an assignment = ) this with param and... Once per feature or across all your tests, see Hooks even domain...

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