WebDcouvrez cette coute propose par Audible.ca. Apparently Paul was then released from prison and continued traveling and teaching, since his later letters mention travels that were not recorded in the book of Acts. 1:3) and where the false teaching that Paul had addressed in his first letter to Timothy continued to be a problem (2 Tim. Would you like to read this article in %%? Timothy had known Paul from his youth, and Paul was like a spiritual father to him, so it seems Pauls use of but as for you would have had personal power that went to Timothys heart. WebLater when Paul joined him in Macedonia, they jointly wrote 2 Corinthians, after Titus seemingly had successfully dealt with the problems in the church (2 Cor 1:1; cf. Pauls second letter to Timothy was recognized and used by early writers and commentators, such as Polycarp of the second centuryC.E. His second imprisonment, however, was a time for ministry, and he used the time to write to Timothy. Letters of Paul to Timothy, also called Epistles of St. Paul the Apostle to Timothy, abbreviation Timothy, either of two New Testament writings addressed to St. Timothy, one of St. Paul the Apostles most faithful coworkers. To Timothy, my beloved child: Grace, mercy and peace from God the Prison could not dampen Pauls spirit or confidence in his eternal destiny. Furthermore, even for those who argue against Pauline authorship for 2 Tim, the majority opinion on genre stands with the farewell testament attribution.". False teachers were at an advanced stage in the church, and Paul had to confront them. The evidence is made up entirely by deceitful nerds fascinated by the fo, Continue Learning about Religious Studies. New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures (Study Edition), Verses in the Book of Matthew That Contain the Name Jehovah as Part of Direct or Indirect Quotations, Verses in the Book of Mark That Contain the Name Jehovah as Part of Direct or Indirect Quotations, Verses in the Book of Luke That Contain the Name Jehovah as Part of Direct or Indirect Quotations, Verses in the Book of John That Contain the Name Jehovah as Part of Direct or Indirect Quotations, Verses in the Book of Acts That Contain the Name Jehovah as Part of Direct or Indirect Quotations, Verses in the Book of Romans That Contain the Name Jehovah as Part of Direct or Indirect Quotations, Verses in the Book of 1Corinthians That Contain the Name Jehovah as Part of Direct or Indirect Quotations, Verses in the Book of 2Corinthians That Contain the Name Jehovah as Part of Direct or Indirect Quotations, Verses in the Book of Galatians That Contain the Name Jehovah as Part of Direct or Indirect Quotations, Verses in the Book of 2Timothy That Contain the Name Jehovah as Part of Direct or Indirect Quotations, Verses Where the Name Jehovah Does Not Appear as Part of Direct or Indirect Quotations, Verses Where the Divine Name Does Not Appear as Part of Direct or Indirect Quotations in the Book of Matthew, Verses Where the Divine Name Does Not Appear as Part of Direct or Indirect Quotations in the Book of Mark, Verses Where the Divine Name Does Not Appear as Part of Direct or Indirect Quotations in the Book of Luke, Verses Where the Divine Name Does Not Appear as Part of Direct or Indirect Quotations in the Book of John, Verses Where the Divine Name Does Not Appear as Part of Direct or Indirect Quotations in the Book of Acts, Verses Where the Divine Name Does Not Appear as Part of Direct or Indirect Quotations in the Book of Romans, Verses Where the Divine Name Does Not Appear as Part of Direct or Indirect Quotations in the Book of 1Corinthians, Verses Where the Divine Name Does Not Appear as Part of Direct or Indirect Quotations in the Book of 2Corinthians, Verses Where the Divine Name Does Not Appear as Part of Direct or Indirect Quotations in the Book of Ephesians, Verses Where the Divine Name Does Not Appear as Part of Direct or Indirect Quotations in the Book of Colossians, Verses Where the Divine Name Does Not Appear as Part of Direct or Indirect Quotations in the Book of 1Thessalonians, Verses Where the Divine Name Does Not Appear as Part of Direct or Indirect Quotations in the Book of 2Thessalonians, Verses Where the Divine Name Does Not Appear as Part of Direct or Indirect Quotations in the Book of 2Timothy. And when Paul is in prison, Timothy is not sent anywhere. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Priscilla and her husband Aquila were known to these Christians, and it seems the couple were leaders in a house church they hosted in Ephesus and, later, a house church in Rome. He explained that at his first defense no one stood with me, but all forsook me, but Paul knew the Lord stood with me and strengthened me (2 Timothy 4:16-17). Tertullian,Ad Uxorem(To his Wife) 1.7 Paul hoped that Timothy would not become a false teacher, but would remain true to his principles. ( 2Ti 1:16, 17; 4:6-8) Timothy was probably still in Ephesus, for Paul had encouraged him to This word is sometimes translated into English as bishop. Commenting onepiskopos in Philippians 1:1, Kevin Madigan and Carolyn Osiek observe, Episkoposcarried none of the connotations that the word bishop does today, or even after Ignatius of Antioch. What are the disadvantages of a clapper bridge? He was not ashamed of his calling and he was confident that God would protect him and his ministry. It is a final letter to a close friend and coworker. This motivation inspired Timothy to persevere in his ministry. When we read some of the principles Paul addressed to Timothy, it can be easy to excuse ourselves by saying, These are instructions for the ministers, not directly for me as a church member.. False teachers are people who teach things that are contrary to Gods Word. These were tools Timothy was to use in his ministry. Is translated into English to mean husband of one wife or a one woman man. This is Paul's second letter to Timothy. When and Where Was It Written? In such a time, Pauls memories of Timothys sincerity and devotion are especially touching (1:35). My articles on Priscilla are here. Textual variants in the Second Epistle to Timothy, "2 Timothy 4:13 When you come, bring the cloak that I left with Carpus at Troas, and my scrolls, especially the parchments", EarlyChristianWritings.com discussion of 2 Timothy, EarlyChristianWritings.com further discussion of the Pastorals (on the 1 Timothy page), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Second_Epistle_to_Timothy&oldid=1132524350, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2016, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 9 January 2023, at 07:59. What are the disadvantages of shielding a thermometer? Second, Paul explains his own approach to preaching, which Timothy could model. For if we be dead with him, we shall also live with him: ","name":"Who Wrote 2 Timothy in the Bible? The other two books of this collection are 1 Timothy and Titus. 1 It was surely Pauls last communication with the churches. WebPaul counseled Timothy, Lay hands suddenly on no man (1 Timothy 5:22).This meant that men were not to be ordained without proper preparation. [3] Judging by how the early church understood this phrase, it meant more than being monogamous. It seems that 1 Timothy and Titus were written close together before Paul's re-arrest. Lists can be found in Romans 12, 1 Corinthians 12:28, 1 Corinthians 14:26, Ephesians 4:11, and Colossians 3:16. After Pauls release from his first imprisonment in Rome in AD 61 or 62, and after his final missionary journey (probably into Spain), he was again imprisoned under Emperor Nero c. Afterward, Paul returned to his work in Ephesus, where he wrote a sorrowful letter to the Corinthians that has not been preserved (see 2 Corinthians 2:111; 7:8). For those that do argue for the authenticity of 2 Tim, this is the majority opinion. For that to be the case, however, we must hold fast to what we have been given. Timothy saw this sincere trust in God first modeled by his grandmother, Lois. 1:19). WebPaul was a great Christian teacher. At the time, Christians were being accused of causing the fires that destroyed Rome, and many of the Christians were choosing to retreat from their ministries. This means having the same faith and pursuing the same goals. In his letters to Timothy, he emphasized the importance of faithfulness to his mission and his calling. This makes most sense if both are in prison, especially given the risk inherent in naming an accomplice who remains free. It is also one of the three pastoral epistles attributed to Paul. To Timothy, my beloved child: Grace, mercy and peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Lord.. 2 Timothy 4:5 NIV. In some of his letters, Paul provides lists of ministries and he does not exclude women from any of these ministries. He wrote this second letter to Timothy from a prison in Rome. One sense of the idiom was that a married person didnt marry again after their first spouse had died. Background Setting: Paul was released from his first Roman imprisonment for a short period of ministry during which he wrote 1 Timothy and Titus. But you, keep your head in all situations, endure hardship. And the fact that Luke even bothered to record this event in Acts is significant. Paul wrote, Paul, an apostle of Jesus Christ by the will of God, according to the promise of life which is in Christ Jesus, to Timothy, a beloved son: Grace, mercy, and peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Lord (1:12). He also undergirds his appeal to Timothy to endure hardships with the examples of his life and of Jesus. WebPaul wrote this second letter to Timothy during his second imprisonment in Rome, shortly before his death. Paul uses his favourite ministry terms for men such as Timothy and Silas, and also for women such as Priscilla, Euodia, Syntyche, Apphia, Phoebe, Junia, Persis, and others. The Word of God is the source of genuine godliness, and Paul believed that this approach would best serve the church in Ephesus. In addition, ancient catalogs of the books of the Christian Greek Scriptures list this letter as one of Pauls writings. Though Pauls death is near, he does not know just when it will come. 4:17; 2 Tim. Introduction to 2Timothy, Publication download options Timothy was still in Ephesus. All my articles on 1 Timothy 3 are here. While he was en route to Lystra, Timothys home town, he had to deal with people who hated the Gospel. The consensus of scholars is that he actually wrote 7 of these: Romans, 1 Corinthians, 2 Corinthians, Philemon, Galatians, Philippians and 1 Thessalonians. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Would you like to support my ministry of encouraging mutuality and equality between men and women in the church and in marriage? In the letter, Paul emphasizes the importance of perseverance in the faith. Jul 2020 - Present2 years 9 months. Paul wrote 2 Timothy during his final imprisonment in Rome, not long before his death. Several people have abandoned Paul while he has been in prison, and several others are away on assignments (1:15; 4:912). Rather, its purpose is more general, encouraging Christians to be strong against heresy and to endure persecution. Thank you to those who support my work. Pauls Second Epistle to Timothy was likely written sometime between A.D. 64 and 65 The second letter to Timothy is the last inspired letter written by the apostle Paul. The First Book of Timothy is one of three letters in the New Testament of the Bible often grouped together as the pastoral epistles, along with Second Timothy and Titus. The law of the Church and the precept of the Apostle [Paul] show clearly how prejudicial second marriages are to the faith and how great an obstacle to holiness. Verse 5 clearly warns all to turn away from people displaying such characteristics. This time he did not expect to be released. It also demonstrates that hes grateful for the gospel he received from God through Christ. WebThe Apostle Paul wrote 2 Timothy (see 2 Timothy 1:1). Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. False teachers are those who claim to be teaching about Jesus Christ and the gospel but are not actually from Him. The verb teach is a long word, likely coined by Paul. 3:1 is episkopos. If your gift is prophesying,then prophesy in accordance with your faith;if it is serving [or, ministering], then serve; if it is teaching, then teach;if it is to encourage [or, to exhort], then give encouragement;if it is giving, then give generously;if it is to lead,do it diligently; if it is to show mercy, do it cheerfully.[8]. WebThe author is the Apostle Paul who wrote it approximately 67 A.D. and is probably his last letter. In A.D. 64 Nero had allegedly burned sections of Rome and blamed the Christians. Pauls overall theology of ministry was, You have a gift; use it to build up others in the Lord! This continuous belief that Paul was the author began to be challenged by modern critical scholarship in the 1800s. The problem with the husband of one wife phrase is that it is an idiom that is poorly understood. Who makes the plaid blue coat Jesse stone wears in Sea Change. Paul sums up his life of some 30 years of service to God and Christ in verses 6-8 as he looks forward to the resurrection to eternal life and to receiving his reward when Christ returns to establish His Kingdom. First of 28 people! Encouragement Leadership. But as the years moved along and Pauls fame spread, Paul was again put in prison in Rome, perhaps from 66 to 68. Paul encourages Timothy to continue in faithfulness and offers his own life as an example for Timothy to follow. He is encouraged to lead a life of exemplary conduct and given rules for church order and discipline for the group as a whole and for the individuals that compose it. WebThe earliest known writing of 1 Timothy has been found on Oxyrhynchus Papyrus 5259, designated P133, in 2017. The Jewish World Around the New Testament. If anyone aspires to be an overseer,[1]he desires a noble work. Knowing that difficult times were coming, marked by people who would be lovers of themselves, boastful, and disobedient, the Apostle Paul warns that they will oppose the truth and lead others astray. Paul wrote this second letter to Timothy during his second imprisonment in Rome, shortly before his death. Were there women elders in New Testament churches? He had already written similar instructions to Titus (Titus 1:5-9). WebPaul wrote to his friend and coworker, Timothy. He must not take his lead from the prevailing passions of the day.. Failure to do so proves one is not truly converted (, False teaching is deadly and must be dealt with firmly (, Contrasting Timothy with False Teachers (. For example, it is included in the Muratorian Fragment of the second centuryC.E. Paul also asks Timothy to bring his books and parchments, so that he can keep studying and writing until the end. Paul wrote, Paul, an apostle of Jesus Christ by the will of God, according to the promise of life which is in Christ Jesus, to Timothy, a beloved son: Grace, mercy, and peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Lord (1:12). Women cant be husbands; women therefore cant be overseers or supervisors of congregations. 3:10 through 4:5: Pauls encouragement to preach the Word in spite of coming persecution. But nowhere in the Greek New Testament, including 1 Timothy 3, does it plainly say that a church leader must be male. Pauls last words to Timothy encourage Timothy to remain faithful to the Gospel and not compromise his faith in spite of persecution. and he uses labourer and labouring words. [6], The idiom is applied to four different groups of people in 1 Timothy and Titus but in each occurrence, it has essentially the same meaning. if we endure, we will also reign with him; For that order is necessary and useful and honourable in the Church (Chrysostom,Homilies on 1 Timothy, Homily 11). Every Christian is called to be different from the world. Never miss a post! During the first imprisonment, Paul had confidence in his release, but no such assurance was evident in the second. In his remarks on husband of one wife in his commentary on Titus, Luther states, that the idiom is behind the custom of so many centuries and the examples of so many saintly fathers. Why do you assume that Paul wrote 1 Timothy? Timothy did not co-write or co-sent any of the books of the Paul probably wrote 2 Timothy during a second imprisonment in Rome following a fourth missionary journey that is not recorded in Acts. 1:2;4:19). Scholars are almost unanimous that this last epistle was written from this great capital city. Philippians, Colossians, 1 Thessalonians, 2 Thessalonians, 1 You can support my work for as little as $3 USD a month at Patreon. The book begins, Paul, an apostle of Jesus Christ by the will of God, according to the promise of life which is in Christ Jesus, to Timothy, a beloved son: Grace, mercy, and peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Lord (2 Timothy 1:1-2). Timothy is asked to visit soon, even though the writer believes he is already being poured out as a libation, and the time of my departure has come (4:6). pp 69-70. Part 2, a discussion on 1 Timothy 2:12, is here. I agree with Douglas Moos statement that while it would be going too far to argue that the phrase clearly excludes women, it does suggest that Paul had men in mind when he wrote it. Douglas J. Moo, The Interpretation of 1 Timothy 2:1115: A Rejoinder, Trinity Journal 2 NS (1981): 198222, 211. The significant fact about the 'testament' genre was not in its markers but in its nature; it is argued that a piece of 'testament' literature is meant to "be a completely transparent fiction". Compared to the Greek being gender neutral. Romans, 1 Corinthians, 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Ephesians, Many are stuck on the phrase husband of one wife that occurs in verse 2. Timothy was from Lystra ( Acts 16:13 ), a city in the Roman province of Galatia (part of modern Turkey). In these last words, Paul is asking Timothy to do his duty in spite of his dire situation. While the importance of obeying Gods words of instruction is emphasized throughout the Bible, Paul next addresses the fact that the Bible is a special book unlike any other. They had put Paul in prison because they did not like Christians. There are no masculine personal pronouns in the Greek of this passage in the oldest surviving manuscripts, and the Greek word for man/ husband, occurs just once in this passage, in the idiom, husband of one wife.. Paul gave thanks to God through his doxology of glory and expressed his deep gratitude to the Lord for His grace. The English has translated it as a reference to marriage, and every qualification for overseer is given male pronouns. Required fields are marked *. And none of his statements should be used to limit, discourage, or wound our capable sisters in Christ. First, he provides a model of what a ministers role is, as well as his personal characteristics. Acts 19:22; Ephesians 6:21-22; Titus 3:12; etc.). He met Timothy in Lystra, where he learned that Timothy was the son of a believing Jewess. We have some idea of what the phrase husband of one wife meant because of how it was used and understood in the Roman world. Skeptics find this verse to be ironic because many biblical critics think that the pastoral epistles were forgeries. All rights reserved. It is a very personal final letter. Web2 Timothy 1:8,12,16 --Here St. Paul bids Timothy take courage, by thinking of the brave, patient example he was setting him in his Roman prison, undaunted and full of hope. Douglas J. Moo, The Interpretation of 1 Timothy 2:1115: A Rejoinder, Trinity Journal 2 NS (1981): 198222, 211. If we have died with him, we will also live with him; Stott says: Paul issues to Timothy his fourfold charge regarding the gospel. It appears Pauls final imprisonment was much more severe than his first stint in prison there. diakonos (minister, deacon) They are the 3 pauline epistles that are undisputedly 'deutero-pauline'. As already noted, this second letter to Timothy was then probably written in 66 or 67. The letter is also included in such important Bible manuscripts as Codex Sinaiticus and Codex Alexandrinus.See also Introduction to 1Timothy., https://assetsnffrgf-a.akamaihd.net/assets/m/1001070059/univ/wpub/1001070059_univ_sqr_xl.jpg, New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures (Study Edition), https://assetsnffrgf-a.akamaihd.net/assets/a/nwtsty/E/wpub/nwtsty_E_lg.jpg, Share Interestingly, Paul never refers to one of his ministry coworkers as an overseer (episkopos). Such behavior leads to corruption of the members and an attack against the truth.In 2 Timothy 3:1-5 Paul lists 19 end-time attitudes that will lead to stress or perilous times for all. 3:1-9: A warning of coming perilous times and apostasy. For God has not given us a spirit of fear, but of power and of love and of a sound mind (2 Timothy 1:7). WebTimothy was then in the city of Ephesus. It seems then he was under a kind of house arrest and could receive visitors, had access to the Scriptures and could freely teach (Acts 28:16, 23, 30-31). 1. The apostle sought the right man for the job, and he relied on the Holy Spirit to direct him. with Paul - 2Cor, Phil, Col, 1Thes, 2Thes, & Philemon. Stott, A soldier endures hardship and is willing to lay down his life (, The athlete trains hard and wants to win (, The farmer has to work hard and be patient (, to suffer for it (because it is a stumbling block to the proud), to continue in it (because it is the truth of God), to proclaim it (because it is good news of salvation) (. Timothy, Pauls He was anticipating that "the time of his departure was at hand" (4:6), and he exhorts his "son Timothy" to all diligence and steadfastness in the face of false teachings, with advice about combating them with reference to the teachings of the past, and to patience under persecution (1:615), and to a faithful discharge of all the duties of his office (4:15), with all the solemnity of one who was about to appear before the Judge of the quick and the dead. . Paul urges Timothy to stand firm and asks him to come for one final visit before Paul is executed. I agree with Douglas Moos statement that while it would be going too far to argue that the phrase clearly excludes women, it does suggest that Paul had men in mind when he wrote it. Douglas J. Moo, The Interpretation of 1 Timothy 2:1115: A Rejoinder, Trinity Journal 2 NS (1981): 198222, 211. [4] The New Revised Standard Version captures this meaning in their rendering of the phrase as married only once in 1 Timothy 3:2, 12; 5:9 and Titus 1:6. It seems that 1 Timothy and Titus were written close together before Paul's re-arrest. But in the past few years, Ive noticed that more and more people are bringing up the qualifications for overseers in 1 Timothy 3:17. are not sufficient to overthrow the evidence, both external and internal, which authenticates them as genuine letters addressed by the apostle Paul to Timothy and Titus (John R.W. This event occurred in Acts 16:1-3 when Paul picked up Timothy from Lystra. (He believed celibacy should be voluntary and that it was fine for overseers/ bishops to be married.) Univira applied to (deceased) women who had been married only once and also to widows who had chosen not to marry after their first husband had died. The cloke that I left at Troas with Carpus, [1] The Greek word for overseer in 1 Tim. Of course for Christians, this would include 2 Timothy, as well as the rest of the pastoral epistles. (2Ti 1:16, 17; 4:6-8) Timothy was probably still in Ephesus, for Paul had encouraged him to stay there. While bound in shackles and awaiting execution ( 2 Tim 2:9; 3:6) Paul wrote his last existing letter to his most loyal friend and companion, Timothy. Who Wrote the Book of Timothy in the Bible, Who Wrote the Book of Proverbs in the Bible, What Does the Bible Say About Seasons in Your Life, Who Was the Longest Living Person in the Bible, Can You Read the Bible in Chronological Order, Where in the Bible Talks About Lucifer Being an Angel, How Many Wives Did Solomon Have in the Bible. Those who love St. Paul will be richly rewarded. Heres what Paul says in Romans 12:68 (NIV). Paul and Timothy are almost inseparable. As I said, there wasnt a gender-inclusive version of this idiom. An overseer,therefore, must be above reproach, the husband of one wife, self-controlled 1 Timothy 3:1b2a (CSB). if we deny him, he also will deny us: Which is greater 36 yards 2 feet and 114 feet 2 inch? CharlesMcGonigal. We also need to have some sense of the social matrices behind the language. While there are difficulties with seeing the pastoral letters as genuine, seeing them as fake is also problematic. Jesus himself called false teachers the sons of Satan. 1:8; 2:9; see also "Introduction to 1 Timothy: Time and Place of Writing"). However, scholars say that both epistles addressed to and the fact that Paul and likely Timothy saw circumcision a better alternative in this situation makes sense. "That being said, it is important to note that there are other scholars who argue in favor of Pauline authorship and a farewell testament genre for 2 Timothy. He also warned in a prophetic way what life will be like during the last days.. 3:2) and one-man woman (1 Tim. It also encourages Timothy to speak the truth in love. WebTradition has it that Timothy was about sixteen years old when he and his mother were converted to Christianity. if we deny him, he also will deny us; And I suggest we look at 1 Timothy 3:17 with a somewhat similar understanding of literary conventions. When Paul wrote 2 Timothy, he was in his second Roman imprisonment, after writing 1 Timothy and Titus. Pauls Encouragement to Timothy. We can imagine that if we read, say a pilots manual from 100 or even 70 years ago, or a book written for lawyers, there will not be inclusive language. Four weeks ago I wrote about a recent essay by Timothy D Snyder, here. He also entreats Timothy to come to him before winter, and to bring Mark with him (cf. Now Paul gets very personal toward Timothy. This "tip" was originally delivered on Saturday, February 11th, 2023 . [8][9][5] Some scholars refer to the assumedly pseudonymous author as "the Pastor". Paul valued Timothys reputation, and he wanted him to go on his journey. In sharp contrast to his dispute with Barnabas over Mark (Acts 15:3740), which resulted in the two parting ways, Paul now considered Mark to be "profitable to the ministry" (v. 11). Pauls thanksgiving for Gods mercy and favor were evident throughout his life. This imprisonment was after the one recorded in Acts 28. Weve spent a bit of time (in this series) looking at letters addressed to Christians in Corinth and to Timothy in Ephesus. [2] And it wasnt the thinking in the early church, where very few leaders were husbands. Is *One a reference to unit number of one individual, and translated to be reinforcing V1 If anyone aspires to be an overseer V2 Meaning one a man or a woman who aspires to be an overseer. [4] Tertullian, writing around 200 AD, demonstrates this meaning of the phrases one-woman man (1 Tim. WebPaul wrote 2 Timothy, the last of his inspired letters, shortly before his martyrdom (ca. Paul clearly anticipates his being put to death and realities beyond in his valedictory found in 2 Timothy 4:68: "For I am now ready to be offered, and the time of my departure is at hand. Background and Setting. These two designations proved to be true in the life of this disciple. pp. The First Century Church and the Ministry of Women Paul wrote 2Timothy during his final imprisonment in Rome, not long before his death. In chapter 1 Paul moved quickly into encouragement for Timothy. The warning against false teachers is the first of many in the Book of 2 Timothy. He asks for prayers from the Thessalonians. Paul also addresses the church as a whole in his final words. Timothy co-authored 6 New Tesetament letters [8] Romans 12:68 is just as genderinclusive in the Greek, and has similar grammar, as John 3:16. If I exist, I am, One, A woman, A man is a reference to marriage, the Greek is still gender neutral for the rest of the text.
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